Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

7 results

Adaptive Intelligence
  • Surviving and Thriving in Times of Uncertainty
  • Robert J. Sternberg
  • Published online:
    21 January 2021
    Print publication:
    04 February 2021
  • Adaptive Intelligence is a dramatic reappraisal and reframing of the concept of human intelligence. In a sweeping analysis, Robert J. Sternberg argues that we are using a fatally-flawed, outdated conception of intelligence; one which may promote technological advancement, but which has also accelerated climate change, pollution, the use of weaponry, and inequality. Instead of focusing on the narrow academic skills measured by standardized tests, societies should teach and assess adaptive intelligence, defined as the use of collective talent in service of the common good. This book describes why the outdated notion of intelligence persists, what adaptive intelligence is, and how it could lead humankind on a more positive path.

  • 43 - Intelligence and Achievement

  • from Part VIII - Intelligence and Allied Constructs
  • Edited by Robert J. Sternberg, Cornell University, New York
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence
    Published online:
    13 December 2019
    Print publication:
    16 January 2020, pp 1048-1060

  • Summary

    This chapter examines the reciprocal relation between intelligence and achievement, particularly within academic domains such as verbal ability and mathematical ability. In particular, the chapter examines the specific knowledge needed for successful performance on tests of verbal ability that focus on decoding or reading comprehension, and tests of mathematical ability that focus on solving arithmetic computation problems or arithmetic word problems.

  • 48 - Intelligence and Expertise

  • from Part VIII - Intelligence and Allied Constructs
  • Edited by Robert J. Sternberg, Cornell University, New York
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence
    Published online:
    13 December 2019
    Print publication:
    16 January 2020, pp 1159-1176

  • Summary

    The concept of expertise is discussed, in the context of fluid and crystallized intelligence. Methods for the study of individual differences in expertise are reviewed, along with the acquisition of open and closed skills. The theoretical and empirical basis for the role of intellectual abilities are considered, along with both deliberate practice and transfer, in the development and maintenance of expertise.

  • Cognitive reserve attenuates age-related cognitive decline in the context of putatively accelerated brain ageing in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders

  • Tamsyn E. Van Rheenen, Vanessa Cropley, Birgitte Fagerlund, Cassandra Wannan, Jason Bruggemann, Rhoshel K. Lenroot, Suresh Sundram, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Thomas W. Weickert, Andrew Zalesky, Chad A. Bousman, Christos Pantelis
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 50 / Issue 9 / July 2020
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 July 2019, pp. 1475-1489
  • Background

    In schizophrenia, relative stability in the magnitude of cognitive deficits across age and illness duration is inconsistent with the evidence of accelerated deterioration in brain regions known to support these functions. These discrepant brain–cognition outcomes may be explained by variability in cognitive reserve (CR), which in neurological disorders has been shown to buffer against brain pathology and minimize its impact on cognitive or clinical indicators of illness.

    Methods

    Age-related change in fluid reasoning, working memory and frontal brain volume, area and thickness were mapped using regression analysis in 214 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 168 healthy controls. In patients, these changes were modelled as a function of CR.

    Results

    Patients showed exaggerated age-related decline in brain structure, but not fluid reasoning compared to controls. In the patient group, no moderation of age-related brain structural change by CR was evident. However, age-related cognitive change was moderated by CR, such that only patients with low CR showed evidence of exaggerated fluid reasoning decline that paralleled the exaggerated age-related deterioration of underpinning brain structures seen in all patients.

    Conclusions

    In schizophrenia-spectrum illness, CR may negate ageing effects on fluid reasoning by buffering against pathologically exaggerated structural brain deterioration through some form of compensation. CR may represent an important modifier that could explain inconsistencies in brain structure – cognition outcomes in the extant literature.

  • 10 - Intelligence

  • Edited by Robert J. Sternberg, Cornell University, New York, Wade E. Pickren, Ithaca College, New York
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of the Intellectual History of Psychology
    Published online:
    18 May 2019
    Print publication:
    16 May 2019, pp 267-286

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews the intellectual history of the study of intelligence. It provides an overview of the field today. Then it reviews the early history of the field, dating back to Sir Francis Galton and then Albert Binet, Charles Spearman, and their successors. It discusses the theory of general intelligence and competitors to the theory such as the structure-of-intellect model proposed by J. P. Guilford. The chapter also describes in some detail various approaches to testing intelligence. It further describes the work of Jean Piaget, as well as biological and cultural views on intelligence. It then describes the theory of multiple intelligences and the theory of successful intelligence. It further describes the Flynn effect. Then it draws conclusions.

  • Chapter 39 - Intelligence and Rationality

  • from Part VIII - Intelligence in Relation to Allied Constructs
  • Edited by Robert J. Sternberg, Oklahoma State University, Scott Barry Kaufman, New York University
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence
    Published online:
    05 June 2012
    Print publication:
    30 May 2011, pp 784-826

  • Summary

    Cross-cultural studies from a large number of societies provide examples of practical intelligence manifested as practical know-how. A particular form of practical know-how that figures prominently in research on practical intelligence is tacit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is practical knowledge that usually is not openly expressed or taught directly. Although practical intelligence is related to performance in a variety of domains, studies in which both practical intelligence, primarily various measures of tacit knowledge, and IQ have been measured demonstrate that practical intelligence is distinct from fluid and crystallized intelligence. Sternberg has been the most forceful proponent of the concept of practical intelligence as one of three, distinct form of intelligence. Horn and Masunaga provide an account of the merging of a theory of intelligence with a theory of expertise. The increasingly influential alternative is embodied or grounded cognition.

  • The relationship between general intellectual ability and performance on ecologically valid executive tests in a severe brain injury sample

  • RODGER Ll. WOOD, CHRISTINA LIOSSI
  • Journal:
    Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 13 / Issue 1 / January 2007
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2006, pp. 90-98

  • Recent studies of brain injured and healthy individuals have provided empirical support for the theoretical proposition that executive function and general intelligence are closely associated by demonstrating that performance on tests of executive function is correlated with general intellectual ability (g). In the present investigation, the relationship between performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III), as a measure of g, and performance on recently developed ecological tests of executive function [i.e., Hayling and Brixton, Zoo Map and Key Search sub-tests from the Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) battery], was examined in a sample of 118 severely brain injured individuals. The results indicated that (a) performance on tests of executive function share significant variance, and (b) a proportion of that shared variance is associated with performance on the WAIS-III. Correlations between conventional measures of executive function (i.e. Trails B and Controlled Oral Word Association) and WAIS-III were of comparable magnitude to the correlations between new, ecologically valid executive tests and WAIS-III. The results provide some support to the notion that tests of executive function measure non-specific intellectual functions, reminiscent of g. (JINS, 2007, 13, 90–98.)