For complex projective manifolds we introduce polar homology groups, which are holomorphic analogues of the homology groups in topology. The polar $k$-chains are subvarieties of complex dimension $k$ with meromorphic forms on them, while the boundary operator is defined by taking the polar divisor and the Poincaré residue on it. One can also define the corresponding analogues for the intersection and linking numbers of complex submanifolds, which have the properties similar to those of the corresponding topological notions.

A theory of renormalization of divergent integrals over torus periods on $\text{GL}\left( 3 \right)$ is given, based on a relative truncation. It is shown that the renormalized periods of Eisenstein series have unexpected functional equations.

We describe new construction principles for infinite-dimensional Lie groups. In particular, given any measure space $\left( X,\,\sum ,\,\mu \right)$ and (possibly infinite-dimensional) Lie group $G$, we construct a Lie group ${{L}^{\infty }}\left( X,G \right)$, which is a Fréchet-Lie group if $G$ is so. We also show that the weak direct product $\prod{_{i\in I}^{*}{{G}_{i}}}$ of an arbitrary family ${{\left( {{G}_{i}} \right)}_{i\in I}}$ of Lie groups can be made a Lie group, modelled on the locally convex direct sum ${{\oplus }_{i\in I}}L\left( {{G}_{i}} \right)$ .

We develop an explicit skein-theoretical algorithm to compute the Alexander polynomial of a 3-manifold from a surgery presentation employing the methods used in the construction of quantum invariants of 3-manifolds. As a prerequisite we establish and prove a rather unexpected equivalence between the topological quantum field theory constructed by Frohman and Nicas using the homology of $U\left( 1 \right)$-representation varieties on the one side and the combinatorially constructed Hennings TQFT based on the quasitriangular Hopf algebra $\mathcal{N=}\mathbb{Z}\text{/2}\ltimes {{\wedge }^{*}}{{\mathbb{R}}^{2}}$ on the other side. We find that both TQFT's are $\text{SL}\left( 2,\,\mathbb{R} \right)$-equivariant functors and, as such, are isomorphic. The $\text{SL}\left( 2,\,\mathbb{R} \right)$-action in the Hennings construction comes from the natural action on $\mathcal{N}$ and in the case of the Frohman–Nicas theory from the Hard–Lefschetz decomposition of the $U\left( 1 \right)$-moduli spaces given that they are naturally Kähler. The irreducible components of this TQFT, corresponding to simple representations of $\text{SL}\left( 2,\,\mathbb{Z} \right)\,\text{and}\,\text{Sp}\left( 2g,\,\mathbb{Z} \right)$, thus yield a large family of homological TQFT's by taking sums and products. We give several examples of TQFT's and invariants that appear to fit into this family, such as Milnor and Reidemeister Torsion, Seiberg–Witten theories, Casson type theories for homology circles à la Donaldson, higher rank gauge theories following Frohman and Nicas, and the $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$ reductions of Reshetikhin–Turaev theories over the cyclotomic integers $\mathbb{Z}[{{\zeta }_{p}}]$. We also conjecture that the Hennings TQFT for quantum-$\mathfrak{s}{{\mathfrak{l}}_{2}}$ is the product of the Reshetikhin–Turaev TQFT and such a homological TQFT.

Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a finite real abelian extension of $\mathbb{Q}$. Let $M$ be an odd positive integer. For every squarefree positive integer $r$ the prime factors of which are congruent to 1 modulo $M$ and split completely in $\mathbb{F}$, the corresponding Kolyvagin class ${{k}_{r}}\in {{\mathbb{F}}^{\times }}/{{\mathbb{F}}^{\times M}}$ satisfies a remarkable and crucial recursion which for each prime number $\ell $ dividing $r$ determines the order of vanishing of ${{k}_{r}}$ at each place of $\mathbb{F}$ above $\ell $ in terms of ${{k}_{r/\ell }}$. In this note we give the recursion a new and universal interpretation with the help of the double complex method introduced by Anderson and further developed by Das and Ouyang. Namely, we show that the recursion satisfied by Kolyvagin classes is the specialization of a universal recursion independent of $\mathbb{F}$ satisfied by universal Kolyvagin classes in the group cohomology of the universal ordinary distribution à la Kubert tensored with $\mathbb{Z}/M\mathbb{Z}$. Further, we show by a method involving a variant of the diagonal shift operation introduced by Das that certain group cohomology classes belonging (up to sign) to a basis previously constructed by Ouyang also satisfy the universal recursion.

In the first paper with the same title the authors were able to determine all partially oriented flag manifolds that are stably parallelizable or parallelizable, apart from four infinite families that were undecided. Here, using more delicate techniques (mainly K-theory),we settle these previously undecided families and show that none of the manifolds in them is stably parallelizable, apart from one 30-dimensional manifold which still remains undecided.

C* -convex sets in matrix algebras are convex sets of matrices in which matrix-valued convex coefficients are admitted along with the usual scalar-valued convex coefficients. A Carathéodory-type theorem is developed for C*-convex hulls of compact sets of matrices, and applications of this theorem are given to the theory of matricial ranges. If T is an element in a unital C*-algebra , then for every n ∈ N, the n x n matricial range Wn(T) of T is a compact C* -convex set of n x n matrices. The basic relation W1(T) = conv σ-(T) is well known to hold if T exhibits the normal-like quality of having the spectral radius of β T + μ 1 coincide with the norm ||β T + μ 1|| for every pair of complex numbers β and μ. An extension of this relation to the matrix spaces is given by Theorem 2.6: Wn (T) is the C*-convex hull of the n x n matricial spectrum σn(T) of T if, for every B,M ∈ ℳn, the norm of T ⊗ B + 1 ⊗ M in ⊗ ℳn is the maximum value in {||∧⊗B + 1 ⊗M|| : Λ ∈ σn (T)}. The spatial matricial range of a Hilbert space operator is the analogue of the classical numerical range, although it can fail to be convex if n > 1. It is shown in § 3 that if T has a normal dilation N with σ (N) ⊂ σ (T), then the closure of the spatial matricial range of T is convex if and only if it is C*-convex.

This paper defines three simplicial approximation properties for maps of 2-cells and 2-spheres into spaces, each providing homotopical tameness conditions on the approximating images. These are the general position properties used in the two main results. The first shows that a resolvable generalized 3-manifold is a genuine 3- manifold if and only if it has the weakest of these approximation properties as well as a mild 3-dimensional disjoint disks condition known as the Light Map Separation Property. The second shows a resolvable generalized 3-manifold to be a 3-manifold if and only if it satisfies the strongest of these approximation properties.

We are concerned here with the development of a more general real case of the classical theorem of Gelfand ([5], 3.1.20), which represents a complex commutative unital Banach algebra as an algebra of continuous functions defined on a compact Hausdorff space.

In § 1 we point out that when looking at real algebras there is not always a one-to-one correspondence between the maximal ideals of the algebra B, denoted ℳ, and the set of unital (real) algebra homomorphisms from B into C, denoted by ΦB. This simple point and subsequent observations lead to a theory of representations of real commutative unital Banach algebras where elements are represented as sections of a bundle of real fields associated with the algebra (Theorem 3.5). After establishing this representation theorem, we look into the question of when a real commutative Banach algebra is already complex. There is a natural topological obstruction which we delineate. Theorem 4.8 gives equivalent conditions which determine whether such an algebra is already complex.

Finally, in § 5 we abstractly characterize those section algebras which appear as the target algebras for our Gelfand transform. We dub these algebras “almost complex C*- algebras” and provide a natural classification scheme.

In [Con2] Connes introduced cyclic cohomology HC*(A) for an associative algebra A. When A is a complex algebra he constructed a Chern character for p-summable Fredholm modules over A taking values in HC*(A). As a very special case, when X is a closed C∞-manifold and A = C∞ (X), this construction recovers the usual Chern character, which is a rational isomorphism from the K-homology K0(X) to , the even dimensional deRham homology of X.

We study skeleton C*-subalgebras of a given C*-algebra. We show that if A is a unital (non-unital but σ-unital) simple C*-algebra, ℳ is any unital (nonunital) matroid C* -algebra, then A contains a skeleton C*-subalgebra B with a quotient which is isomorphic to ℳ. Other results for skeleton C*-subalgebras are also obtained. Applications of these results to the structure of quasi-multipliers and perturbations of C*-algebras are given.

In this paper the question of weak and strong local optimality of a Lipschitz (as opposed to C1 ) extremal is addressed. We show that the classical Jacobi sufficient conditions can be extended to the case of Lipschitz candidates. The key idea for this achievement lies in proving that the “generalized” strengthened Weierstrass condition is equivalent to the existence of a “feedback control” function at which the maximum in the “true” Hamiltonian is attained. Then the Hamilton-Jacobi approach is pursued in order to conclude the result.

We shall show that if a Riemann surface is continuable, then it admits one of three types of continuations. Using this classification of continuations, we construct two nontrivial examples of two-sheeted unlimited covering Riemann surfaces of the unit disk one of which is continuable and the other is not.