Since its inception in England and Wales, the partial defence to murder of loss of control has generated a steady stream of appeals. Individually, those appeals have illuminated key aspects of the plea's operation. This paper, though, is the first to explore that operation via a systematic analysis of every loss of control appeal to date (110 cases). Using that data, the paper frames more effectively, and thus improves understanding of, a neglected phenomenon in the plea: specifically, the decision-making roles of criminal justice ‘gatekeepers’ – principally trial judges, juries and prosecutors – in governing access to loss of control. In doing so, the paper assesses how far these gatekeepers interpret the plea's requirements in a ‘civilising’ way – one which prioritises meritorious loss of control claims above those which are unmeritorious. It contends that each gatekeeper struggles to regulate loss of control in such a way. Ultimately, this diminishes the symbolic value these reforms may have had and frustrates any civilising potential of homicide law reform.

In January 2017, a business jet flew in Norway on a short repositioning flight with two pilots onboard, no passengers or cargo. Initially, the take-off proceeded as normal but as the landing gear was retracted both pilots observed that the airspeed was rapidly approaching the flap limiting speed of 200kts. When the flaps were fully retracted at a height of approximately 2,100ft above ground level, the crew experienced a violent nose-down pitch motion. Control was regained at a height of approximately 170ft above ground level and, following the accident, data from the flight data recorder showed that the aircraft experienced –2.62G during the pitch upset. A tailplane stall due to icing was suspected; however, the flight data recorder, being limited to 36 parameters, was not able to confirm this. For expediency during the accident investigation process, a simplified, linear flight dynamics model was developed using Matlab/Simulink to assess static and dynamic stability for a range of tailplane efficiency factors to simulate the effects of tailplane icing.

In October 2010, the UK Parliament brought into effect law that replaced the partial defence to murder of provocation with a new partial defence of “loss of control”, applicable to England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Although it retained some key features of its controversial predecessor, the new partial defence was in part designed better to address the gendered contexts within which a large number of homicides are committed. In examining the impact of the reforms, we will focus on long-held concerns about the treatment of sexual infidelity as a trigger for loss of control in murder cases. The article undertakes an analysis of English case law to evaluate the way in which sexual infidelity-related evidence has influenced perceptions of a homicide defendant's culpability, for the purposes of sentencing, both before and after the implementation of reform. The analysis reveals that, in sentencing offenders post reform, the higher courts have failed to follow the spirit of the reforms respecting the substantive law by effecting a corresponding change in sentencing practice.

An hypothesis based on the original stress model of depression, learned helplessness, proposed that exposure to uncontrollable stress provides the basis, in animals as in humans, for learning that stress is uncontrollable (helplessness); this learning has a number of debilitating consequences, including depression. This study suggests that rats subjected to daily restraint sessions (1h × 5 d, in 20 × 10 × 10 cm boxes) displayed a quiescent behavior vvith few attempts to escape from the box during the restraint periods, and subsequently exhibited escape deficits in a shuttle-box. These deficits were eliminated by clomipramine (8 or 16 mg/kg), imipramine (16 mg/kg) and nialamide (16 mg/kg) given twice daily subsequent to the last restraint session. In contrast, diazepam (2 mg/kg/d) or sulpiride (8 mg/kg/d) did not reduce helpless behavior induced by daily restraint sessions. In addition reduction in locomotor activity has been reported in rats subjected to restraint. It is suggested that the experience of loss of control thought to result from unsuccessful attempts to escape the stressor could be the critical aspect of behavior sensitive to antidepressants.