Whereas quantitative researchers often share their research designs and their data and encourage one another to rerun their analyses, qualitative researchers cannot as easily do so. However, they can enhance reliability in other ways. Moravcsik introduces new practices designed to enhance three dimensions of research transparency: data transparency, which stipulates that researchers should publicize the data and evidence on which their research rests; analytic transparency, which stipulates that researchers should publicize how they interpret and analyze evidence in order to generate descriptive and causal inferences; and production transparency, which stipulates that social scientists should publicize the broader set of design choices that underlie the research. To respond to these needs, Moravcsik couples technology with the practice of discursive footnotes common in law journals. He discusses the rationale for creating a digitally enabled appendix with annotated source materials, called Active Citation or the Annotated Transparency Initiative.

Chapter 1 lays out the main argument of the book, asserting that insurgent groups’ dependence on their support networks ensures that to a certain extent they are obliged to respect their supportive constituencies’ ideological preferences and normative expectations. Relationships between armed groups and their constituencies are not stable and change over time as conflicts develop, ensuring that insurgent groups can also lose popular support. This chapter argues that this important dimension of insurgency is sometimes overlooked in favour of structural, ideological or resource-oriented analyses of conflict. It specifies how the book uses (or not) specific terminology and concepts like terrorism and Kurdistan. The chapter proceeds to discuss the difficulties in working with data in research on insurgencies. It argues that all forms of data – quantitative and qualitative – have inconsistencies and it backs the call for greater data transparency in conflict studies. It elaborates on some of the specific challenges related to data reliability on the conflict in Turkey. It describes the interview process, discusses the representativeness of the interview sample and the challenges of fieldwork. It finishes by outlining the structure of the book.