The georgic in English is often said to have receded after the 1770s. This chapter argues that in the Romantic period the georgic does not disappear, but assumes a new form: the ‘rural complaint’, a lyrical lamentation on social conditions in the countryside. Georgics in a more conventional didactic and descriptive form continued to be written, such as Robert Bloomfield’s The Farmer’s Boy and James Grahame’s British Georgics, but these incorporated rural complaint interludes. At the same time, standalone rural complaint poems, following Oliver Goldsmith’s The Deserted Village, consistently alluded to, and situated themselves within, a classical and neoclassical georgic tradition. Understanding the Romantic rural complaint as a form of georgic (rather than, or in addition to, pastoral) sheds light on the generic choices of poets such as Charlotte Smith, William Wordsworth and John Clare.

Monetary policy in Korea is implemented by, and is the responsibility of, the Bank of Korea. More precisely, it is the Monetary Policy Board (MPB), an autonomous administrative agency modelled after the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in the United States, which determines monetary policy through collective decisions. This monetary policy system was only established when the Bank of Korea became independent in 1998. This chapter looks at the history, organisation and decision-making structure of the BoK and its relationship with the Korean government.