Dietary guidelines are an essential policy tool for facilitating optimal dietary patterns and healthy eating behaviours. We report: (i) the methodological approach adopted for developing the National Dietary Guidelines of Greece (NDGGr) for Infants, Children and Adolescents; and (ii) the guidelines for children aged 1–18 years.

An evidence-based approach was employed to develop food-based recommendations according to the methodologies of the WHO, FAO and European Food Safety Authority. Physical activity recommendations were also compiled. Food education, healthy eating tips and suggestions were also provided.

The NDGGr encompass food-based nutritional and physical activity recommendations for promoting healthy dietary patterns and eating behaviours and secondarily to serve as a helpful tool for the prevention of childhood overweight and obesity.

The NDGGr include food-based recommendations, food education and health promotion messages regarding: (i) fruits; (ii) vegetables; (iii) milk and dairy products; (iv) cereals; (v) red and white meat; (vi) fish and seafood; (vii) eggs; (viii) legumes; (ix) added lipids, olives, and nuts; (x) added sugars and salt; (xi) water and beverages, and (xii) physical activity. A Nutrition Wheel, consisting of the ten most pivotal key messages, was developed to enhance the adoption of optimal dietary patterns and a healthy lifestyle. The NDGGr additionally provide recommendations regarding the optimal frequency and serving sizes of main meals, based on the traditional Greek diet.

As a policy tool for promoting healthy eating, the NDGGr have been disseminated in public schools across Greece.

To explore perceived factors that impede or facilitate healthful eating within the home environment among overweight/obese adolescents.

In the present qualitative photovoice study, participants were instructed to take photographs of things that made it easier or harder to make healthful food choices at home. Digital photographs were reviewed and semi-structured interviews were conducted to promote discussion of the photographs. Data were analysed using constant comparative analysis.

Vancouver, Canada, in 2012–2013.

Twenty-two overweight/obese adolescents who completed a family-based lifestyle modification intervention.

The mean age of participants was 14 (sd 1·9) years, 77 % were female and their mean BMI Z-score was 2·4 (sd 0·6). Adolescents talked about six aspects of the home environment that influenced their eating habits (in order of frequency): home cooking, availability and accessibility of foods/beverages, parenting practices, family modelling, celebrations and screen use/studying. In general, homes with availability of less healthful foods, where family members also liked to eat less healthful foods and where healthier foods were less abundant or inaccessible were described as barriers to healthful eating. Special occasions and time spent studying or in front of the screen were also conducive to less healthful food choices. Home cooked meals supported adolescents in making healthier food choices, while specific parenting strategies such as encouragement and restriction were helpful for some adolescents.

Adolescents struggled to make healthful choices in their home environment, but highlighted parenting strategies that were supportive. Targeting the home food environment is important to enable healthier food choices among overweight/obese adolescents.

To examine the potential associations between diet quality and multiple measures of body composition in a sample of New Zealand adolescents aged 14–18 years.

Cross-sectional survey of eleven high schools in Otago, New Zealand. Each participant completed an online FFQ and a New Zealand Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (NZDQI-A) score was calculated based on variety and adequacy of intake for five major food groups. Besides height and waist circumference measurements, body composition was assessed using segmental bio-impedance analysis. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations between diet quality and body composition in models adjusted for sex, age, ethnicity and socio-economic status.

High schools in Otago, New Zealand.

High-school students (n 681, 56 % male, mean age 16·1 (sd 1·5) years) participating in the Otago School Students Lifestyle Survey Two.

Higher NZDQI-A scores were significantly associated with lower body fat percentage (β=−0·19; 95 % CI −0·35, −0·04; P=0·014), fat-to-lean mass ratio (β=−0·26; 95 % CI −0·46, −0·05; P=0·016) and lower fat mass index (β=−0·23; 95 % CI −0·45, −0·004; P=0·046) after multivariate adjustment. No association was found between NZDQI-A and BMI, waist circumference or waist-to-height ratio.

Diet quality, as measured by NZDQI-A, was associated only with measures of body fat, not measures of overall body size. Measures specific to body fat should be used for more accurate ascertainment of body composition in examining the diet–body composition associations in this age group.

To describe (1) the prevalence of overweight and obesity and theirassociation with physical activity; (2) the effect of different cut-offpoints for body mass index (BMI) on weight status categorisation; and (3)associations of weight status with perceptions of body size, health and dietquality.

A cross-sectional study.

Secondary schools in Barbados.

A cohort of 400 schoolchildren, 11–16 years old, selected to studyphysical education practices.

Prevalence of overweight (15% boys; 17% girls) and obesity (7% boys; 12%girls) was high. Maternal obesity, as defined by the International ObesityTask Force (IOTF) BMI cut-off points, predicted weight status such thatreporting an obese mother increased the odds of being overweight by 5.25(95% confidence interval: 2.44, 11.31). Physical activity was inverselyassociated with weight status; however levels were low. Recreationalphysical activity was not associated with weight status in either category.Overweight subjects tended to misclassify themselves as normal weight andthose who misclassified perceived themselves to be of similar health statusto normal-weight subjects. The National Center for Health Statistics andIOTF BMI cut-off points produced different estimates of overweight andobesity.

Our findings suggest that inadequate physical activity and ignorance relatedto food and appropriate body size are promoting high levels of adipositywith a strong contribution from maternal obesity, which may be explained byperinatal and other intergenerational effects acting on both sexes.Prevalence studies and local proxy tools for adiposity assessment areneeded.