Index

doi:10.1017/9781009370578.013

Index

Aabels, Frederick, 106

Abolition Act of 1807, 121

Acadians, 15, 28, 30–35, 37–41, 50, 52, 54–56, 154–155

Acropolis, 221

Adam, John, 198, 201–202, 206, 210, 212

Adriatic Sea, 220, 230–231

Aegean Sea, 214

Africa, 9, 131, 134, 137–138, 141, 148–149, 165

Age of Revolutions, 2, 14, 61, 80, 99–101, 171, 174, 216, 225, 228, 233, 259, 273, 279

Agustín I, Emperor of Mexico, 18–19, 25, 258, 261, 263–266. See also Iturbide, Agustín de

Alabama, 82

Alamán, Lucas, 261–262

Albania, 226, 231

Alderney, 141

Alexandria, 219, 232

Algeria, 164

Algiers, 79, 81, 164

Alhucemas, 86, 89

Alien Acts of Jamaica, 177, 182, 189, 192. See also law, alien

Aliens Act of 1793 (Great Britain), 179, 182, 223. See also law, alien

Aljafería, 83

Allan, John, 34–35, 44, 48–52

Alta California, 129

Alvarado, Rudecindo, 246

American Revolution, 2, 7, 11, 15, 31–34, 45, 55–56, 59, 66, 72, 81, 123, 128, 137–139, 142–144, 154–156, 172

American War of Independence. See American Revolution

amnesty, 48, 77, 247, 272

Ampleforth College, 274

Anáhuac, 263

Anchorez, Don P. G., 121

ancien régime, 65, 75, 78, 99, 234

Andes, 236–238, 240–244, 246, 249, 255–256

Andreas, Peter, 106

Andriese, C., 106

Anglican Church, 173, 187

Anglo-Mexican Mining Association, 269

Annapolis Royal, 36, 39

Anspach-Bayreuth, 48

Antigua, 111

Antilles, 17, 60, 95, 160, 169. See also Caribbean

Antipodes, 74, 76, 128

antislavery, 142, 149, 189, 198

Antommarchi, François Carlo, 163

Antuco, 242

Argentina, 239, 245, 250, 256, 274

Argentine Confederation, 235–236, 240, 245, 248, 257

aristocracy, 65, 218

Army of the Three Guarantees, 258, 261

Arnold, Benedict, 45, 47

Arnot, Sandford, 194, 201

Arribadas, 86

Artigas, José, 244–245

artillery, 5, 45, 163–164

Artois, Count of, 76

Asante, 143

Asia, 4–5, 108

Asov Sea, 74

assimilation, 60, 103

Association for Assistance in Working the Mines of Mexico and Other Parts of Spanish America, 269

asylum, 12, 16, 79, 158, 160, 162, 223, 235, 241. See also émigré; exiles; refugee

Athens, 221

Atlantic Ocean, 108, 113, 130, 137, 159, 161, 267

Atlantic world, 3, 7, 12, 14–16, 56, 61–62, 74–76, 129, 147–148, 150, 153, 156, 159–161, 165, 171, 174, 176–178, 184, 192

Attean, John, 53

Australia, 9, 17, 21, 25–27, 59–60, 72–76, 134, 147, 150–152, 207

Australian Courts Act of 1828, 212

Ayacucho, 242

Azilum settlement, 63, 66–67

Bacon, Edmund, 118

Bagaduce, 45, 55

Bahamas, 111

Baie Française. See Bay of Fundy

Bailey, Joshua, 41

Baker, Emerson, 30

Balcarres, Alexander Lindsay, earl of, 181

banishment, 9, 196–200, 202, 205–211, 213. See also deportation; expulsion; removal; transportation

baptism, 187, 189, 191

Baracoa, 158

Barbados, 106–107, 116–117, 123, 143, 147

Barbary States, 232

Barber, Marcus, 120

Barclay, David, 269

Barker, John, 133

Bataillons d’Infanterie Légère d’Afrique, 130

Bath, 19, 25, 27, 258, 273–274

Bathurst, Henry, third Earl Bathurst, 206–207, 211

Bathurst town, Gambia River, 143

Battaglione di Cacciatori Albanesi, 226

Bay of Chaleurs, 41

Bay of Fundy, 30, 45

Bayly, C. A., 3, 196, 212

Beauchef, Jorge, 243

Bécancour, 43

Bechis, Martha, 249

Belcher, Jonathan Jr., 41

Belgium, 171, 264, 274

Bell, David, 79

Beluche, Renato, 170

Benavides, Vicente, 241–242, 245, 249

Beneski, Charles, 279

Bengal, 19, 23–24, 194–196, 198, 200, 203, 206–207, 212–213

Bentinck, William, 218–219

Beresford, Lord William, 224

Bermuda, 111, 118

Bermuda Gazette, 118

Bernard, Francis, 42

Berrow’s Worcester Journal, 265

Berthiaune, Juniper, 49

Berville, 124

Bicyra, J., 121

Bío-Bío River, 241

Birmingham, 128

Blanco White, José María, 267

Blasphemous and Seditious Libel Act, 213

Blumenthal, Edward, 14–16, 24–25

Bolivia, 236, 240, 248

Bombay, 199–200

Bonaparte, Joseph, 77, 158

Bonaparte, Napoléon, 63, 76–77, 81, 155, 158, 164, 166, 223–224, 262, 272

Bonaparte, Paulina, 264

Bordeaux, 74, 161

border formation, 235, 245

Boroa, 238

Borogano, 238, 242, 245, 249, 251, 255

Boston, 36–37, 39, 46

Botany Bay, 75, 147, 150

Bouillé, François Claude de, 70

Bourbons, 81, 258

Bourg, Joseph-Mathurin, 50

Bowdoin, James, 47

Boze, Jean, 156–158, 160–161, 163–164, 166–172

Brave, 118

Brazil, 8, 165, 224, 245. See also Luso-Brazilian Empire

Breckenridge, Keith, 186

Bristol, 116

Britain, 152, 158, 165, 168, 173, 223, 259

Britannia, 121

British Admiralty, 25, 106–107, 110–119, 120–121, 123–127, 269

British East India Company (EIC), 9, 23, 58, 116, 152, 194, 198–199, 209

British Empire, 4, 13, 31, 68–69, 71–72, 74, 80, 183–184, 192, 196, 208, 217–219, 221, 224–225, 234

Brittany, 71

Brunswick, 48

Buckingham, James Silk, 23, 194–204, 207, 209–213

Buckley, Roger, 129, 140, 145

Buenos Aires, 235–238, 240–246, 249–251, 254–257

Bulnes, Manuel, 255

Bunce Island, 150

Burke, Edmund, 75, 218

Bustamante, Carlos María de, 262, 271

Cádiz, 83–89, 215, 223

Cádiz Constitution, 103, 214–215, 228, 260

Calabria, 218

Calcutta, 23, 58, 198–201

Calcutta Journal, 194, 198–199, 201–202, 210

Calef, John, 48

Callao, 100

Calle, José Luis, 247–248, 251

Callington, 116

Canada, 15, 29, 43–44, 47, 62, 71–72, 76, 79, 109, 154. See also Halifax; Lower Canada; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia

Canary Islands, 154

Canning, George, 212, 259, 266, 274–276

Canning, Stratford, 222

Canso, 41

Cape Breton. See Louisbourg on Île Royale

Cape Coast, 132

Cape Coast Castle, 143

Cape Colony, 14, 19, 24, 107, 116, 119–121, 142, 182, 194, 198, 203, 207–209

Cape Horn, 120

Cape of Good Hope. See Cape Colony

Cape Sable, 36

Cape Town, 203–204

captives, 1, 3, 10, 21, 37, 50, 84, 91–93, 100, 107–112, 115–116, 118–124, 126–127, 142, 175

Caracas, 92, 96

Carbonell, Pedro, 94

Carboneria, 220

Cargill, James, 41, 45

Caribbean, 2–4, 12, 15–17, 21, 59–62, 68–70, 73, 78, 80, 84, 90–92, 94–97, 99, 108–109, 111, 123–126, 129, 131, 137–141, 144–148, 151–156, 159–160, 165–172, 175, 178. See also Antilles; West Indies

Carolina, 147

Caroline Islands, 101–104

Carondelet, Héctor de, 90

Carrera, José Miguel, 244–245, 249, 251, 257

Carrera, Juan José, 245

Carrera, Luis, 245

Cartagena, 86, 90, 97, 100

Cartwright, John, 278

Cartwright, Richard, 72

Casas, Luís de las, 89

Castine, 45, 55

Castorland, 63, 67

Catania, 215

Catherine II, Tsarina of Russia, 73, 226

Catholic Church, 227

Catholic Emancipation, 190, 211, 259, 267, 278

Catholicism, 41, 261

Cayenne, 171

censorship, 194, 201, 204

Central Africa, 2, 4, 128

Central America, 165

Central Europe, 31, 74

Cerigo Island, 231

Ceuta, 83–84, 86, 88–89, 129

Ceylon, 106–107

Chacay Massacre, 25, 235–236, 241, 247–249

Chadwick, Joseph, 42

Chafarinas Islands, 101

Champlain, Samuel, 51

Channel Islands, 141

Charles X, King of France, 162

Charlotte County, 51

Charretié, Jean, 124

Chateaubriand, François René de, 58, 81

Chatham, 106, 143, 274

Chesapeake, 147

Chignecto, 39

children, 25, 34, 37, 52, 74–75, 109, 111–115, 124–127, 161, 173, 192, 209, 231–233, 258, 272–274

Chile, 15, 98, 235–250, 253–257, 274

Chillán, 242

China, 4

Chios, 232

cholera, 168

Chouans, 71

Christian, Hugh Cloberly, 121

Christianity, 70, 164

chronologies, 3, 14

Church, Richard, 214–227, 234

Church of England, 31

Church of the Nativity, 58

citizenship, 1, 108, 158, 169, 171, 183–184, 232. See also subjecthood

Civil War, American, 161

civilians, 5, 106–109, 111, 119, 130–131, 135, 248

Clambe, Chevalier de, 74

class, 24–25, 64, 66, 84, 93, 97, 110, 114, 140, 162–163, 199, 222, 247, 259, 273

classification, 20–23, 85–87, 92, 96–97, 110–111, 119–126, 175–176, 182, 186, 193

cleansing, ethnic, 15, 37–38, 230

Clément, Frère, 58

climate change, 56

Clinton, Henry, 49

Cochrane, Thomas, 222, 271

Cockpit Country, 181

coercion, 6, 25, 27–28, 84, 105, 122, 126, 154, 192, 195

coffee, 70

Colburn, Jeremiah, 47

Colombia, 171, 270

Colonial Office, 204, 207

colonialism, 28–34, 42, 44, 53–56, 70, 79–82

colonial authority, 31, 35, 45, 185, 194

colonial economy, 70

colonial expansion, 128, 217

colonial governance, 125, 196, 207

colonial history, 169

colonial legal system, 204

colonial legislation, 212

colonial order, 34

colonial planter, 59–60, 69

colonial politics, 81

colonial population, 200

colonial possession, 39, 59, 68, 130, 164

colonial settlement, 30, 42, 51

colonial society, 52, 57

colonial spheres, 166, 196

colonial territory, 179, 190

mobility and, 34

penal, 72

colonization, 9, 34, 48, 63, 67, 73, 77, 79, 87, 101, 105, 130, 147, 153, 164

Compagnie de New York, 67

Concepción, 238, 241

Condorcet, Marquis de, 63

Congress, Mexican, 261–263, 266, 270–272

Congress of Laibach, 220

Congress of Vienna, 219, 223

Constantine, 164

Constantinople, 232

constitution, 58–59, 218–219, 223–225, 234, 259, 271, 276

constitutionalism, 221, 233, 259, 278

convict

British, 9, 26, 74

colony, 25

depot, 86

displacement of, 8

female, 120

French, 97

military, 85, 87, 98

from Saint-Domingue, 97

settlement, 27

soldier, 129–131, 139, 141, 143–146

Conway, Stephen, 137

copper, 69

Córdoba, 242, 246, 251

Corfu, 217

Cork, 218

Cornet Castle, 141

Cornwall, 116

Corsica, 218

Corvalán, Juan, 246, 251–254

cotton, 70

Coutts and Company, 115

Cowes, 144

Coyhuepán, Venancio, 243

Creoles, 62, 68, 155, 160–163, 170, 238–239, 241, 243, 249–250, 253–254

Crescent City, 163

Crete, 225, 230

Crèvecœur, Michel Guillaume St. Jean de, 63

Crimea, 61, 73

criminal court, 66

criminal justice system, 8, 104, 128, 130–132, 135–137, 150–152

criminals, 6, 8–9, 21, 87, 89, 100, 122, 130–132, 143, 147, 181. See also convict

Cuba, 8, 89–90, 94–95, 98, 101–103, 158–160, 162, 165–170

Cuevas, Manuel, 83–86, 90–91

Cumberland County, 34

Curaçao, 98, 170

Curicó, 254

Cuyo, 241

Cyprus, 232

Damrémont, Charles-Marie Denys de, 165

Danil, Mateui, 114

Darling, Ralph, 212

Dartmoor, 114, 116–117

Davidson, William, 122

D’Azgaignon, Joseph-Barthelemy, 97

De Vito, Christian G., 13, 16–17, 21, 23

Declaration of Independence, 46

decolonization, 78

del Río, Juan García, 268

Delaware River, 47

Demerara, 91, 207, 277

Denmark, 111

Denyssen, Daniel, 206

deportation, 1, 6, 12–14, 31–34, 39–41, 56, 63, 104, 177, 180–182, 186, 190–191, 193, 201. See also banishment; expulsion; removal; transportation

Derby Mercury, 265

deserter, 11, 26, 83–84, 87, 89, 98, 101, 129, 131, 138, 140–142, 144–145, 239

desertion, 74, 83–84, 138, 145–146, 148

Desjardins, Simon, 67

Desmoulins, Camille, 65

Dessens, Nathalie, 14–18, 21–22, 24

detention center, 107, 117, 126

Devon, 116

Devonport, 117

diaspora, 16–17, 46, 56, 59, 68, 77, 159–160, 188, 226–229, 231–234

Dios Cañedo, Juan de, 272

Dios Montero, Juan de, 243

displacement, 7–9, 15, 17, 20, 34, 109, 214–216, 230, 232–233, 248, 254

dispossession, 9, 20, 34, 43

Diu, 129

Dolores, 167

Dondón, 92

Donkin, Rufane, 205

Donna Maria, 126

Dromedary, 134

Duché, Elodie, 126

Dundas, Henry, 71

D’Urban, Benjamin, 207

Dutch East India Company, 204

Duval d’Eprémesnil, Jean Jacques, 64–65

dysentery, 131

Eastport, 53

Edinburgh Castle, 34

Egypt, 74, 77, 218, 223, 232

Eighty Years War, 100

El Ferrol, 86

Elliott, Charles, 268

emancipation, 7–9, 162, 216, 220–224. See also freedom

emigrado, 91, 93, 95–98

emigrant, 69, 126, 175

emigration, 17, 58–62, 64, 67, 71, 76, 78, 80–82, 200–202. See also émigré

émigré, 15, 58–82, 235, 240, 245, 247–248, 254–257

Australian, 74

Chilean, 237

French, 13, 17, 19, 21, 27, 59, 62, 69, 71–72, 75–76, 80

London, 69, 74, 78

settlement, 61–64, 68, 77–78, 80, 156

England, 27, 50, 58, 75, 116, 120, 124, 165, 201, 203, 209, 212–213, 258–259, 264–265, 276–277

Enlightenment, 63

enslavement, 7, 37, 44, 123–124, 149, 175–176, 188, 232. See also slavery

Entre Ríos, 244

Epirus, 226, 231

Escoffery, John, 189

Eshelby, Thomas, 114

Espequeunt, 43

Essex, 120

Europe, 4, 10–11, 16, 48, 59, 68–70, 72–73, 75, 78, 84, 92, 96, 113, 159, 165, 168, 176–179, 213, 215, 223, 234, 263–264

evangelization, 256

exceptionalism, 3

exclusion, 1, 59, 63, 80, 89

execution, 26, 67, 91, 242, 245, 249

exiles, 1, 9, 12, 14–15, 19–25, 31, 38, 59–62, 68, 71, 96, 99, 104, 154, 163, 242, 247, 253, 255, 259, 264, 267, 272, 279. See also émigré; refugee, Loyalists

expropriation, 9, 68, 128

expulsion, 6, 9, 15, 39, 63, 70, 78, 95, 167, 176, 179–181, 185, 197, 211. See also banishment; deportation; removal; transportation

Fairbairn, John, 203

Falmouth, 45–46, 52

Faragher, John Mack, 38

felons. See soldier, felon

Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, 158, 224, 259–260, 266

Ferdinando, King of the Two Sicilies, 219–220

Fereos, Rigas, 229

Fernando Po, 101, 104

First Anglo-Ashanti War, 132

First Coalition, 69

Fish River, 143

Flanders, 100

Florence, 264

Florentina, 88–89

Flores, Joseph de, 89

Florida, 89–90, 129

Forbes, Francis, 213

Fort Beauséjour, 39

Fort Charlotte, 124

Fort Cumberland, 39

Fort Frederick, 45

Fort George, 48–53, 55

Fort Halifax, 49

Fort Howe, 50

Fort Pownall, 41–42, 44–45

Fort William, 58

Fourth Anglo-Wabanaki War, 36

Fox, 116

France, 7, 11, 17, 30, 37–41, 50, 59–64, 66–69, 71–82, 89, 91–93, 96, 103, 107–113, 138–139, 154–157, 159–166, 174, 178, 224, 258–259, 278

Francis, James E., 37, 55

Francis I, King of the Two Sicilies, 221

Francklin, Michael, 50

Francopulo, Nicholas, 228

Fraser’s Corp of Infantry, 141

Fredericton, 53

free people of color, 18, 22, 123, 127, 158, 161, 172, 174, 180, 187, 203

freedom, 94, 120, 163, 176, 180, 188, 193, 210, 217, 219, 223, 228. See also emancipation

constitutional, 225

of debate, 213

of expression, 197

fighter, 224, 234

of movement, 249, 257

personal, 21–22, 188

of the press, 24, 195–196, 198–199, 202, 204, 211–213, 221

religious, 31

universal, 278

Freire, Gomes, 224

French Empire, 7, 81, 124, 157, 164, 217

French Guiana, 9, 171

French Revolution, 2, 7, 11, 31, 58–64, 75, 79, 145, 154–157, 172, 179, 229

French Revolutionary Wars, 106–107

French Royalist Legion, 96

Fuller, Lon, 20

Gage, Thomas, 46

Galapagos Islands, 120

Gallipolis, 63–65, 74

Gama, Antonio, 272

Gambia River, 143

Ganges, 117

García, Joaquin, 93

Gaspé, 47

gender, 24–25, 80, 110

Généreux, 114

Geneva, 62

Genoa, 89

genocide, 15, 29, 39, 55

geographies, 14, 17–18, 20, 111, 259

Georgia, 147

Germain, George, 49

Germany, 59, 103, 259

Glasgow, 48

Global South, 10

Godoy, Jacinto, 246, 248, 251–254, 257

Godoy, Manuel, 94, 98

Godoy Cruz, Tomás, 246, 248, 252–253

Gold Coast, 132, 138, 143

Goldthwaite, Thomas, 42–45

Gonzales, F., 121

Gordon, James Willoughby, 142

Gorée, 26, 138–139, 141, 146, 149

Grahamstown, 143

Grand Dérangement, 37, 54

Grand Pré, 39

Great Britain, 30, 50, 59, 71, 75, 79, 103, 107–113, 116, 122, 128, 130, 133, 135, 142–143, 148–150, 189, 196–198, 204–205, 209–212, 217–219, 265–266, 275–276

Great Lakes, 29, 153

Greece, 215–216, 220–223, 228–229, 231

Greek Revolutionary Army, 223

Greek War of Independence, 10, 15, 21, 226

Greenland, 120

Greig, George, 194–198, 203–205, 207, 209–213

Grenada, 111, 139

Guadeloupe, 68, 95, 113, 124, 139

Guanajuato, 269

Guárico, 92

Guatemala, 88–89

Guerrero, Vicente, 260

Guipúscoa, 92

Gulf Coast, 153

Gulf of Guinea, 101

Gulf of Mexico, 71

Habsburg Empire, 60, 227, 229, 231

Haiti, 3, 8, 16, 91, 164, 167, 174, 182, 186, 188–189. See also Saint-Domingue

Haitian Revolution, 10–12, 14, 19, 21, 59, 68, 72, 82, 84, 90, 154–159, 167–168, 172–173, 179

Halifax, 36, 45–46, 50, 107, 117–118, 122

Hall, Basil, 274

Halliday, Paul, 182

Hamoaze Estuary, 117

Haudenosaunee, 29, 44

Havana, 83, 89–90, 92, 96–98, 100, 131, 142, 166–168, 171

Hawkins, Edward, 114, 118

Hébrard, Jean, 171

Hermosilla, Julián, 251–255

Heroine, 120

Herring, Charles, 269

Hilfey Barracks, 138

Hispaniola, 70, 91. See also Saint-Domingue; Santo Domingo

Holland, 111

Holman, James, 149

Holy Alliance, 259, 266, 270

Holy Inquisition, 228

Holy Land, 58

House of Commons (England), 18, 190, 211, 223

Huarte, Ana María, 258

Hudson River, 43

human rights, 79

Humboldt, Alexander von, 279

Huon de Kerilleau, Gabriel Louis Marie, 58, 74–75

Huskisson, William, 270

Hutchinson, Thomas, 46

identity, 18, 20, 23, 25, 60, 66, 68, 81, 108, 165, 177, 186, 216, 227, 232

Île Saint-Jean, 39

immigration, 60, 154, 156, 178. See also migration

immobility, 6. See also settlement

imperial expansion, 9, 17, 25, 208

imperialism, 18, 79, 81, 127

impressment, 8–10, 83, 86–89, 120, 134, 176

independence

American, 46

Bolivian, 236

Chilean, 237, 241

Greek, 220

Haitian, 69, 157

Latin American, 165

Mexican, 258, 276

Paraguayan, 236

Peruvian, 268

Sicilian, 214, 216

Spanish American, 101, 259

struggle, 1, 7

Uruguayan, 236

Independence Fort, 243

India, 14, 74, 79, 137, 199–202, 206–212

Indian Island. See Penawabskik

Indian Ocean, 4–5

Indigenous

autonomy, 236, 241, 255–256

communities, 2, 13, 28, 41, 239

frontier, 235, 239, 246, 249, 253–254, 256

nations, 45, 48

peoples, 85, 209, 237

polity, 29, 250, 255

populations, 9, 17, 64, 72

resistance, 9, 31, 41, 250

rights, 37, 41

sovereignty, 35, 250

territory, 241, 251, 254

Indispensable, 119, 121

industrialization, 128

inequality, 56

Institut National des Sciences et des Arts, 78

insubordination, 74, 94, 138, 220. See also resistance

intermarriage, 30, 44, 239

internationalism, 215

Ionian Islands, 217–219, 222, 226, 230–232

Ireland, 109

Irish Question, 278

Iroquois, 29

irredentism, 275

Isabella, Maurizio, 14–18, 21, 23

Islam, 233

Isle of Pines, 95

isolation, 9, 50, 95

Italy, 59, 100, 258–259, 263–265, 271

Iturbide, Agustín de, 18–19, 25, 258–279

Jacob, William, 267

jail, 83, 87–88, 130, 133–135

Jamaica, 10, 18, 22–24, 107, 117, 125–126, 139, 145–147, 157, 162, 170, 173–185, 187–190, 192

Jamaica Regiment of Foot, 137, 139

Jansen, Jan C., 14–15, 18, 21–25

Jenkinson, Robert Banks, second earl of Liverpool, 212

Jerusalem, 58

Johnson, William, 42

Juana Mendez, 92

Justicia, 132

Kahnawake, 43

Kapodistrias, Ioannis, 221–222

Kearney, John Ouzeley, 134, 142

Kefalonia, 230

Kekewich, George, 206

Kennebec River, 29, 36, 42–45, 49

Kennedy, Catriona, 108

Kineo Band, 53

King of Spain, 100, 277

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, 214, 225, 227, 231

Kingston, 91, 173–174, 179, 185–187, 191

Knights of Malta, 20, 62, 70, 79

Kolokotronis, Theodoros, 219

Kolsky, Elizabeth, 200

Koselleck, Reinhart, 2

Kramer, Lloyd, 79

La Coruña, 85–87

La Guaira, 94, 96

La Rioja, 246, 255

labor

Black, 147–148

convict, 129, 135, 152

division of, 147

exploitation, 151

forced, 8, 86, 94, 147, 239

free, 5, 152

history, 22

Indigenous, 101

market, 151

military, 19, 132

mobility and, 5, 16

penal, 26, 129, 135, 147, 151

slave, 69, 128, 152

unfree, 5, 13, 128, 147

waged, 128

Lafayette, Marquis de, 163

Lafitte, Jean, 170

Laidlaw, Zoë, 125

Lake Huron, 43

Lake Superior, 44

Lanarkshire, 48

Lane, Fitz Henry, 55

Lane, John, 45

Latin America, 2, 78, 170

Laurel, 144

law

alien, 125, 176–179, 182–185, 192–193. See also Alien Acts of Jamaica; Aliens Act of 1793 (Great Britain)

British, 149, 195, 198, 209–210, 212

censorship, 201

colonial, 24

Indigenous, 24

international, 123–124

lawmaker, 185

martial, 181, 262

military, 140

nationality, 208

press, 201

prize, 122

revolutionary, 124

Roman-Dutch, 205–206

rule of law, 24, 190

Lawrence, Charles, 31, 39

Le Caton, 114

Le Havre, 161

Le Parlement de Paris établi au Scioto, 75

Lecesne, Charlotte, 24, 173–174, 188–189

Lecesne, Louis Celeste, 173–174, 176–177, 182, 186–189, 191–192

Lecesne, Louis Nicholas, 173–174, 185, 188

Lecesne family, 24, 174–177, 179, 183–189, 192–193

Leeward Islands, 23, 145, 147

Lefkada, 219

Leghorn, 227, 264–265

Leith, 106

Lephilley, A. V., 121

Les émigrés aux terres australes, 75

L’Étang, Antoine de, 58

Letters from an American Farmer, 63

Levant, 226

Levenopán, Pablo, 251

Leviathan, 132

Lezay-Marnésia, Claude François Adrien de, 64

liberalism, 18, 212, 223–224, 234, 266

liberty, 1, 65, 94, 109, 121, 127, 196, 202, 210, 213, 221, 277–279. See also freedom

Lima, 242

London, 18–19, 25, 46, 60, 62, 68–69, 71, 75, 78, 106, 116, 132, 134, 136, 142, 195, 198, 200–206, 211, 221, 258–260, 264–270, 272–274, 277–279

Losack, George, 121

Louis Philippe, King of France, 163

Louis XV, King of France, 58

Louis XVI, King of France, 58, 67

Louis XVII, King of France, 66

Louisbourg on Île Royale, 39

Louisiana, 15, 17, 39, 89, 91, 98, 129, 153–163, 166–169

Louisiana Purchase, 16, 18, 153, 159, 166, 172

Lovell, Solomon, 49

Lower Canada, 31

loyalism, 49, 55, 81

Loyalists, American, 11, 13, 15, 17, 28, 31–35, 45–46, 49–54, 56, 62, 71–72, 142, 175

Loyalists, Spanish American, 235–239, 241, 250, 256

Luciano, 167

Lucknow, 58

L’Union, 119–123

Lushington, Stephen, 189

Luso-Brazilian Empire, 240

Lyon, 74

Machias, 36, 45, 48, 50–51

Madagascar, 75

Madawaska, 54

Madras, 64

Maghreb, 79–80

Maida, 218

Maine, 29, 43–46, 53–54

Maine Indian Land Claims Act of 1980, 54

Maitland, Thomas, 231

Majabigwaduce, 45, 48, 55

Málaga, 86, 88–89, 154

malaria, 131

Maliseet, 30, 36, 46–47, 50–51, 53–54

Mallet du Pan, Jacques, 73

Mallorca, 228

Malouet, Pierre Victor, 60, 69–71, 73, 81

Malta, 217–218

Manchester, 197

Manera, Brad, 13, 16–17, 21, 23, 25

Mansilla, Lucio, 256

Mapuche, 15, 236–239, 241–245, 249–254, 257

Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, 66

Marigny, Bernard, 170

Maritimes, 28, 30

Marseilles, 227, 230, 232

Martinique, 68, 93, 95–96, 106, 111, 123

masculinity, 25–26, 87

Massachusetts, 30, 36–37, 41, 46–47, 49, 52

Massachusetts Provincial Congress, 45–46

Matamora, 171

Mataugwesauwacks, 44

Maxwell-Stewart, Hamish, 13, 16–17, 21, 23, 25

Mayenne, 58

McKay, Anna, 13, 16–17, 21–22, 25

McKenzie, Kirsten, 14, 18, 23–25

McKenzie, Murray, 138, 148

Meadows, R. Darrell, 62

media, 25, 110

Mediterranean, 5, 18, 70, 89, 100–101, 164, 174, 214–227, 229–234, 278

Melilla, 86, 89

Melville Island, 122

Mendoza, 235–238, 241–253, 255–256

mercenary, 11, 18, 21, 131, 216–217, 220, 224, 226, 234

Messina, 227

metropole, 8, 24, 62, 74, 103–104, 121, 125–126, 178–180, 182, 190, 210, 212

Mexico, 18, 25, 89, 170–171, 258–260, 263–264, 266–272, 274–277, 279

Mexico City, 261–262

Michelena, José Mariano, 268, 272, 278

Migoni, Francisco Borja, 270

migrant

British, 205

economic, 21, 234

enslaved, 188

forced, 17, 19, 111, 154, 174

French, 157, 178

liberal, 203

political, 62, 82

radical, 203

Saint-Domingue, 179

unfree, 119, 127

voluntary, 31

migration. See also mobility

Australian, 74

chain, 39

coerced, 1, 6, 13, 15–16, 20, 24, 28–29, 31–35, 46, 51, 54–56, 63, 84, 109, 127, 177, 197, 234

control, 178

of convicts, 63

countermigration, 39

domestic, 52

history, 5

involuntary, 154

labor, 5

mobility and, 80

pattern of, 215, 234

political, 13

refugee, 192

semantics of, 22

temporary, 59

Mi’kmaq, 30, 36, 41, 43, 46–47, 50–51

military. See also mercenary; prisoner of war; soldier; veteran

agent, 1, 11

authority, 86, 104

court, 133, 135, 144–145

discipline, 219, 225

history, 5, 10, 27

hospital, 140

and masculinity, 87

occupation, 192, 218, 220

recruiter, 135

recruitment, 147, 152

revolt, 260

service, 7–10, 44, 74, 124, 130, 133, 135–137, 148, 150–152, 250

service, forced, 8, 10, 140, 181

volunteerism, 233

Military and Royal Order of Saint-Louis, 169

Mill Prison, 118

Mina, Francisco Javier, 268

Minas Basin, 39

Miramichi River, 44

missionary, 50, 58, 109

Mississippi River, 71, 84, 153, 159

mobility. See also migration

Acadian, 35, 39, 54

coerced, 5–6, 12, 16, 20, 22, 25–27, 55, 98, 175, 187, 193, 233–234

coercion and, 84, 105, 154, 192

colonialism and, 34

conflict and, 214

control of, 12, 179–180, 185, 193, 240

of convicts, 17, 112

exile, 241, 243, 245

history of, 6

incarceration and, 109, 127

Indigenous, 35

Loyalist, 35

military, 13

mixed, 28, 34, 56

of prisoners of war, 17, 107, 110, 126

of refugees, 13, 17

regulation of, 1

restrictions on, 171

revolutionary, 234

seasonal, 29, 35

voluntary, 41

Wabanaki, 37, 54, 56

war, 119

modernity, 1–2, 234

Moldavia, 230

monarchists, 66, 71, 268, 273

Monckton, Robert, 54

Moncton, 54

Monson, 53

Montalembert, Jean Charles de, 71

Montevideo, 111, 244

Montlosier, François Dominique de Reynaud de, 60, 73–74, 77–79, 81

Montreal, 43

Montt, Manuel, 250

Moose Island, 53

Moose River, 53

Moosehead Lake, 53

Morea, 219

Morieux, Renaud, 115

Morning Chronicle, 265, 277

Morning Post, 265

mortality, 38, 88, 115, 131, 134, 145, 147

Mosquito Coast, 91

movement

abolitionist, 278

of captives, 110, 116

of convicts, 8, 16, 109

forced, 1, 6, 12, 20, 35

independence, 10, 165, 239

liberation, 266

linear, 5

non-voluntary, 108

philhellenic, 233

political, 99, 182

of prisoners, 107, 109, 116, 119

refugee, 13, 21, 24, 174, 178

revolutionary, 80

voluntary, 35, 108

Mozambique Island, 129

Mt. Desert Island, 42

Muscat, 129

mutiny, 4, 148–149

Nantilla, 171

Naples, 214–217, 220, 227

Napoleonic Wars, 4, 18, 107, 113, 120, 128, 140, 142, 145–146, 150, 158, 167, 203, 209, 217, 223–226, 234, 244. See also French Revolutionary Wars

National Convention, 75

National Intelligencer, 122

nationalism, 79, 233–234

nationalization, 81

nation-state, 3, 169, 238, 254–255, 257

navy, 86, 88, 96, 98, 132, 144, 148, 170, 271

Nealson, J. N., 134

Netherlands, 59

Neuquén, 242–243, 249

New Brunswick, 31, 37, 44, 51–54

New England, 28, 31, 41, 49

New Granada, 88–89, 91

New Hampshire, 36, 43

New Ireland, 49–51

New Orleans, 15–18, 22, 39, 83–84, 90, 151–172, 277

New Providence, 111, 117

New South Wales, 74–75, 109, 120, 212–213

New South Wales Act of 1823, 212

New South Wales Corps, 59, 134

New Spain, 89–90, 98, 100

New York, 42, 46–47, 49, 63, 67, 156, 159, 168

New Zealand, 9

Newfoundland, 111

Newpatrie, 65

Niagara, 72

Niagara Falls, 58

Niemen, 116

Noailles, Louis Marie de, 66, 81

nobility, 68, 74, 77, 273, 278

Non-Intercourse Act of 1790, 54

Norman Cross, 116

Normandy, 67, 173

Norridgewock, 36, 49

North, Frederick, Lord, 50

North Africa, 9, 11, 16, 60, 63, 79, 86, 90, 214, 232

North America, 4, 21, 28, 39–41, 50, 54, 60–61, 64, 72, 80, 111, 137, 165, 174, 178

North Atlantic, 2, 137, 179

North Sea, 120

Nova Scotia, 30–34, 36–43, 50–52, 107, 117–118, 122

Nugent, George, 181

Nutting, John, 49

Odanak. See St. Francis

Odawas, 43

Odessa, 232

O’Hara’s Regiment, 137–138, 141, 144

O’Higgins, Bernardo, 237, 243–244

Ohio Company, 64

Ohio Country, 29, 63–65

Old Bailey, 132

Omoa, 89, 97

Oran, 86

Oriental Church, 227

Oriental Herald, 202, 204

Oriente, 158, 167–169

Orthodox Church, 229

Ottoman Empire, 4, 10, 78, 218, 221, 227–230

Owl’s Head, 41

Pacific Ocean, 4, 17, 101

Pagan, Robert, 52

Palermo, 18, 214–218, 220, 225, 230

Palestine, 58

Palmer, John, 199

Pampas, 238, 251

Papadopulo, Yanni, 228

Paplet, Thomas, 149

Paraguay, 236, 244

Paris, 63–67, 74–76, 161, 163

Parker, James, 55

Parker, William, 125–126

participation, political, 1, 236

Pasley, Charles William, 274

Passamaquoddy, 30, 36, 47–48, 51–54

Passamaquoddy Bay, 30, 51–52

Patras, 231

Patriot, 34, 45, 47, 49, 55

Patriotic Society, 228

Paul, Tsar of Russia, 74

Pawling, Micah, 35

Paz, José María, 246, 248, 251, 253

Peace of Amiens, 203

Pearl Harbor, 49

Pehuenche, 236–238, 242–243, 246

Peloponnese, 77, 229–231

penal

battalion, 131, 134, 137, 141, 144–146, 150

colony, 8, 11, 75, 135, 150, 250

unit, 128–130, 134, 140–142, 150

Penawabskik, 42

Peninsular Wars, 224, 274

Pennsylvania, 63, 66

Penobscot, 30, 36–37, 41–45, 47–49, 51, 53–55

Penobscot Association, 52

Penobscot Bay, 41, 44–45, 48–49

Penobscot River, 42, 47, 53

Peñón de Vélez, 86, 89

Pensacola, 90

Pentonville, 203

periphery, 111, 121, 172, 194–195, 198, 213, 234

Perseus, 144

Peru, 237, 241–242, 246, 274

Pestel, Friedemann, 14, 17–21, 24

Peterborough, 116

Peterloo Massacre, 197

Pharoux, Pierre, 67

Philadelphia, 66, 156, 258

philhellenism, 18, 216, 226

Philippines, 85, 87, 90, 100

Phips, Spencer, 37

Phips Proclamation, 37, 41

Picó, Juan Manuel, 242

Pincheira, José Antonio, 242, 246, 250–253, 255

Pincheira, Juan Antonio, 242

Pincheira, Pablo, 242, 253, 255

Pincheira, Santos, 242

Pincheira brothers, 235–236, 242–243, 245–247, 249–257

Plan of Iguala, 260

plantation, 8, 19, 69, 125, 130, 147, 150–151

plantocracy, 140, 147

Pleasant Point. See Sipayik

Plymouth, 106, 114–118

Poland, 73

Polignac, Jules de, 162

Port Royal, 36, 125

Port-au-Prince, 173, 191

Portchester Castle, 124

Porter, David, 120

Portland, 46

Porto Cabello, 171

Portsmouth, 124

Portugal, 103, 214–215, 217, 223–224

Powles, J. D., 269

Pownall, Thomas, 41

Pradt, Abbé de, 78, 81

press

Anglophone, 163

British, 263–264

Cape Colony, 211

control over the, 207

free, 204, 206, 259

legislation, 19

Louisiana, 162, 164, 170

radical, 212

republican, 76

Press Act of 1756, 134

Prince Edward Island. See Île Saint-Jean

Pringle, Thomas, 198, 203

prison, 66, 107, 114, 116, 118, 122, 152, 189, 220, 247

prisoner of war, 1, 10, 13, 16–17, 19–21, 25, 84, 90–100, 106–111, 113, 116, 122–127, 131, 147, 175–177, 192, 245. See also mercenary; soldier; veteran

Privilege Act of 1813, 187

property rights, 64, 67, 71, 175

Prussia, 111, 264

Puebla, 261

Puerto Rico, 92, 95, 98, 101–103

Puglia, 220, 222, 224, 227, 231

Puisaye, Joseph de, 71

Pyrenees, 96

Qing, 4

Qonasqamkuk, 52

Quebec, 28, 31, 42, 44–45, 47, 50, 53

Queen Caroline Affair, 259, 265

Quiberon expedition, 69, 71

Quin, Michael J., 272, 275–276

Quinn, John, 135

Quiroga, Facundo, 246, 251, 255

race, 24–25, 80, 84, 93–94, 97, 107, 110, 147–149, 151, 158, 173, 180–181, 185, 192, 195, 209, 261

Racine, Karen, 14, 18–19, 25

Ramos, Juan, 120

Ranquel, 236–238, 242, 244, 246, 251, 256

rape, 88

Rawdon-Hastings, Francis, 201–204, 207, 212

reform

Bourbon, 241

colonial, 78

constitutional, 212, 224

electoral, 190

of feudalism, 218

imperial, 190

legal, 196

parliamentary, 278

refugee, 12–23, 31–34, 56, 84, 91, 99, 106, 110, 125–126, 154–161, 174–177, 185, 188, 192–193, 216

Caribbean, 62

colonial, 60

foreign, 178, 181

French, 16, 93, 96, 158

Greek, 230–232

labeling, 20

legally free, 123

Loyalist, 31, 48, 50, 52

political, 1, 6, 223

religious, 17

Saint-Domingue, 16–18, 154–155, 158–163, 165–167, 169–172, 175, 181, 188–189, 192

Reggimento Albanese Real Macedone, 226

Reid, John G., 30

Reign of Terror, 67

religion, 164, 227, 261

relocation, 80, 83, 85, 88, 90, 98–99, 101–105

Remon, Manuel, 88

removal. See also banishment; deportation; expulsion; removal; transportation

extrajudicial, 178, 182

forced, 1, 9, 14–15, 18, 23, 196–200, 212, 249

political, 182, 197, 200, 205, 208, 213

punitive, 180

Renault, Agnès, 167, 170

repatriation, 98, 111

republicanism, 79, 239

republicans, 17, 63, 75, 258, 262, 266

resettlement, 17, 31, 62, 170, 176

resistance, 6, 10, 70, 109, 162

Retribution, 132

Revillagigedo, Count of, 89

revolution. See also American Revolution; French Revolution; Haitian Revolution

Chilean, 245

counterrevolution, 73, 234, 246

democracy and, 71

displacement and, 230

emigration and, 76

Greek, 215, 219, 222, 227, 229, 231–232

of independence, 236, 239

municipal, 239

Neapolitan, 216

Piedmontese, 215

republican, 238

Sicilian, 214–216, 225

slave, 7

Spanish American, 14

tobacco, 147

war and, 1, 6, 13–14, 21, 24, 27, 35, 76, 84, 129, 174, 196

Rhode Island, 48

Riego, Rafael, 215, 228, 260

Rio de Janeiro, 120, 244

Río de la Plata, 15, 98, 121, 235–236, 240–241, 244–245, 249–250

Río Negro River, 242

Riordan, Liam, 14–17, 24

Robinson, George, 138

Rocafuerte, Vicente, 262

Rocky Mountains, 153

Rodney, George, 113

Røge, Pernille, 78

Rosas, Juan Manuel de, 236, 243, 245, 248–249, 251, 255–256

Rose of the Sea, 121

Roudanez, Louis Charles, 161

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 63

Roy, Rammohun, 198

Royal Africa Corps, 21, 26, 132–135, 137–139, 141–146, 148–150

Royal African Colonial Corps. See Royal Africa Corps

Royal African Corps. See Royal Africa Corps

Royal Cornwall Gazette, 265

Royal Navy, 46, 274

Royal West India Rangers, 141, 146

Royal York Rangers, 141–142, 146

royalists, 69, 71, 77, 91, 97, 155, 272. See also monarchists

Rumeli, 219, 230

Russia, 4, 9, 17, 21, 60, 72–74, 80, 129, 222–224, 233

Saadat Ali Khan II, 58

sailor, 10, 21, 106, 109–112, 114, 120–123, 226. See also seaman

Saint Ann, 185

Saint Augustine, 90

Saint Catherine, 185

Saint Thomas, 170

Saint-Aubin, Ambroise (Bear), 46

Saint-Castin, Jean-Vincent d’Abbadie de, 55

Saint-Domingue, 7, 12, 15, 19–20, 22–23, 39, 62, 66–73, 79–82, 91–98, 139, 154–159, 164, 170, 173–174, 177–180, 189, 192

Sainte-Gême, Henri de, 156–158, 160, 166–167, 170–171

San Juan, 248

San Juan de Ulúa, 97, 271

San Luís, 238, 242, 251

San Martín, José de, 237, 241, 244, 246, 268, 274

San Ysidro, 118

Sandys, Francis, 23, 201, 210

sans-culotte, 75–76

Santa Fe, 244

Santa Viviana, 83

Santiago, 235, 241–244, 256

Santiago de Cuba, 158, 166–168, 170

Santo Domingo, 70, 92–96, 98

Sardinia, 89

Sarmatia, 74

Sauguaaram, Loron, 36

Sauveterre, 171

Scanlan, Padraic, 129

Scioto, 64–66

Scioto Land Company, 64

Sciotomanie, 64

Scordili, Emmanuele, 214–216, 225–228, 230, 234

Scotland, 31, 34, 52, 116

Scott, Rebecca, 171

seaman, 109, 114, 123, 126, 129, 135, 148, 180. See also sailor

Searle, Ambrose, 116

Second Coalition War, 74

Second Maroon War, 181

self-emancipation, 69. See also emancipation; freedom

self-liberation, 3, 8

self-mutilation, 133

Senegal, 137–138, 141, 146, 149

Senegambia, 139

Sentmante y Sayas, Francisco, 170

serfdom, 74, 81

settlement, 5, 17, 30, 46, 51–54, 60–67, 71–74, 79–81, 169, 171

settler colonialism, 9, 17, 21, 61, 81

Seven Nations of Canada, 43

Seven Years War, 4, 31, 37, 41–42, 56, 94, 107

Seventeen Provinces, 100

Seville, 89

Sharp, Granville, 142

Sheffield, 202

ship, 6, 23, 49, 91

captured, 92

convict, 120–121

crew, 3, 180

hospital, 114

mail, 87

merchant, 87, 120

penal, 148

prison, 107, 111, 114–118, 120, 126, 141

privateer, 106, 119

slave, 122

transport, 39, 116

warship, 83, 87, 116–117

whaling, 119

Shropshire Quarter Sessions, 132

Siberia, 9

Sicily, 214–215, 217–218, 220, 224–225

Sierra Leone, 142, 144, 146, 149–151

Sierra Maestra, 158

Sigura, J. de, 121

Silesia, 69

Sipayik, 53

Six Acts, 197, 205, 209, 212

slave

code, 140, 180

court, 180

female, 174

holder, 21, 147, 180, 188

labor, 69, 128, 152

liberated, 149, 151

market, 131, 165, 232

ownership of, 8, 189

registration, 23

revolution, 7

society, 3, 21, 155, 158

uprising, 10, 62, 68, 70, 130, 139, 155, 180, 206

slave trade, 21, 27, 121, 138, 188

abolition of the, 7, 142, 150–151, 165

Atlantic, 128, 147, 151

disengagement from the, 129

international, 155

restrictions on the, 122

slaver, 148

transatlantic, 1, 6, 12, 28, 165

slavery, 7–8, 10, 22, 26–27, 70, 80–81, 93, 107, 122–124, 130, 148, 159, 164, 175, 180, 185, 188–190, 193. See also enslavement

Smyrna, 232

Sociedad Patriotica Mallorquina, 228

Société des Vingt-Quatre, 65

soldier, 1, 9–11, 16, 18, 21–22, 26, 37, 50–52, 70, 83, 88–91, 98–100, 106, 109–114, 131–133, 139–141, 143, 175, 217, 243–244, 247, 252–254, 262, 267, 270, 274. See also mercenary; prisoner of war; veteran

convict, 129–131, 139, 141, 143–144, 148–150

felon, 16, 135, 139–142, 144–145, 147–148, 150–152

Solent Strait, 143

Somerset, Lord Charles, 182, 194, 197–198, 204–207, 211–212

Somersetshire, 133

Soto la Marina, 258, 278

South Africa, 108, 207

South African Commercial Advertiser, 194, 198, 203–205

South America, 4, 94, 98, 108, 165, 178, 235, 239, 242, 244, 257, 274, 277

Southern Europe, 2, 14, 21, 217, 223–224, 228

Southern Hemisphere, 63, 75, 80

Spain, 58, 70–71, 84, 86, 89, 91–96, 98–100, 103, 111, 154, 158, 166–168, 214, 223, 228, 240, 252, 259–261, 266, 276, 278

Spanish America, 7, 12, 84, 90, 95, 99–100, 174, 183, 265, 267–269

Spanish Empire, 16, 19, 23, 85, 178, 237, 254

Spring, 277

St. Andrews, 51–53

St. Croix River, 49–51

St. Francis, 42, 47

St. John city, 52

St. John River, 30, 42, 48, 50–51, 53–54

St. Johns, 36

St. Lawrence River, 42–43, 48

St. Lucia, 106, 124, 139

St Michael, 121

St. Petersburg, 73

St. Vincent, 139

Staël, Germaine de, 77

Stapleton, 116

Stephen, James, 207–208

Stevens, John, 55

Stewart, Robert, Viscount Castlereagh, 224

St.-Helena, 164

stock market, 276

Studholme, Gilfred, 50

subjecthood, 18–19, 24, 109, 121, 127, 183–184, 190–192, 196–198, 208–210. See also citizenship

sugar, 68, 70, 147

Supreme Court of Canada, 37

surveillance, 12, 23, 185

Susquehanna River, 66

Swiftsure, 116

Switzerland, 264

Sydney, 134

Szreter, Simon, 186

Tacky’s Revolt, 10, 180

Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles Maurice, 78–79, 81

Talon, Antoine Omer, 66

Tampico, 170–171

Taranto, 227

Tasmania, 250

Teresa de Mier, Servando, 271

territorialization, 256

Texas, 98, 261

Thames River, 138

Thayendanegea (Brant, Joseph), 72

Tierra del Fuego, 250

Tierra Firma, 96

tobacco, 70

Tobique Reserve, 53

Tôlanaro, 75

Torpey, John, 185

Torrente, Mariano, 264

transmission, 23, 200–202, 204, 210, 213

transportation, 31, 80, 87–88, 91–92, 130, 133, 138, 150, 177, 205. See also banishment; deportation; expulsion; removal

civil, 135

convict, 1, 6, 8–9, 12–13, 83–84, 86

infrastructure, 42

penal, 75, 103–104, 147, 151, 185, 249

prisoner, 95–96, 100

punitive, 180

of soldiers, 98

Treat Island, 51

Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 46

Treaty of Amiens, 145

Treaty of Basel, 92

Treaty of Paris, 51, 90, 139

Treaty of Peace and Friendship, 36

Treaty of Utrecht, 30

Trelawny Town, 139

Treviño, José Ignacio, 264

Trieste, 227, 229, 232

Trinidad, 62, 71

Troncoso, Bernardo, 89

Trujillo, 89

Truter, John, 206

Tshatshu, Dyani, 18

Tunis, 232

United Provinces of the Río de la Plata, 236–238, 240, 244–245

United States, 12, 15–16, 18, 29, 31, 50, 54, 59, 62–64, 67, 72, 81, 153, 156–159, 162–163, 165, 168–169, 172, 244, 258–259, 275

Upper Canada, 31

Urbina, Luís de, 88

Uruguay, 111, 236, 240, 244–245

US Congress, 50, 64

utopia, 64, 66

vagrant, 16, 84, 87, 89–90, 98–101, 103, 134, 179

Van Diemen’s Land, 151, 250

Vendée revolt, 69

Venezuela, 94, 98, 171

Venice, 227, 232

Veracruz, 97, 271–272

Verdun, 115

Vermont, 43

Versailles, 58

veteran, 10, 230, 244, 246

Victoria, Guadalupe, 260, 279

Vileda Castillo, José, 246–248, 252–253

Ville de Paris, 113

violence, 1–2, 9, 12, 15, 25–26, 37, 41, 45, 49, 65, 127, 200, 231, 234, 247, 249, 255

Virginia, 50

Volhynia, 73–74, 81

W∂last∂kw River, 30

Wabanaki, 15, 28–30, 34–56

Wabanaki Confederacy, 30, 43–44, 51–52

Wall, Joseph, 25, 134, 148

Wallachia, 230

war

capitalism, 26, 128, 151

captivity, 13, 107–108, 111, 127

civil, 4, 7, 12, 15, 48, 215, 235–236, 241–242, 246–247, 255, 258, 262–263

global, 25, 27, 61, 178

guerilla, 5, 41, 242

imperial, 10, 37

independence, 4, 235, 246

liberation, 221–222

religious, 4

revolutionary, 61, 72, 78–79, 194

violence, 4, 28

War of 1812, 53, 107, 117–118, 120, 122

War of the Pyrenees, 92, 95

War Office (British), 71

Washington, DC, 151

Washington, George, 47, 73

Waterhouse, Benjamin, 122

Watertown, 46

We Walk On, 55

Weiss Muller, Hannah, 209

Wellesley, Arthur, Duke of Wellington, 219, 224

West Africa, 2, 4, 26, 128–130, 138, 143–145, 151

West India regiments, 21, 140, 142–143, 147, 150–151, 181

West Indies, 26, 119, 129–133, 137, 139–141, 144–145, 148, 150–151, 159, 165, 189–190. See also Caribbean

Western Europe, 2–3, 61, 184

Western Hemisphere, 165, 172, 275

whaler, 21, 109–110, 120

Whydah, 139

Widauwack, 44

Wilkinson, William, 120

Wilmot Horton, Robert, 207, 211

Wilson, Robert, 223

Windward Islands, 145

Wôlinak. See Bécancour

women, 21, 24–25, 37, 52, 55, 84, 109, 111, 115, 124–127, 173, 188, 231–232

worker, 67

coerced, 95, 101, 129, 151

convicted, 85, 90, 132

unfree, 147, 149, 151

workforce, 85, 88, 90, 123

Wulstukwiuk, 30

Xhosa, 18

Xhosa War, 142

yellow fever, 67, 131, 161, 168

York Chasseurs, 142, 146

Yorkshire, 31

Yorktown, 50

Ypsilantis, Alexander, 229

Ypsilantis, Dimitrios, 229

Yucatan, 91

Zante, 230–231

Zaragoza, 83

Zastoupil, Lynn, 212

Zavala, Lorenzo de, 262

Zetter, Roger, 20

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Index

Book contents

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Summary

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