Our consideration of these questions of dominion and authority has its genesis in a personal
tragedy. On January 14, 1986, Christine Gilham was fatally injured when the car in which she was a
passenger struck a permanently anchored highway sign at the intersection of U.S. Highways 2 and 89
within the external boundaries of the Blackfeet Indian Reservation, located in the State of Montana.
Toni Gilham (“Gilham”), Christine's mother, brought an action against the driver of the car, who was intoxicated at the time of the accident, and the State of Montana (“Montana”) in the Blackfeet Tribal Court. She alleged that Montana was negligent in its design, construction, and maintenance of the intersection.