Euphorbia sect. Tithymalopsis (Euphorbiaceae) comprises seven species of herbaceous perennials restricted to the south-eastern USA. The species of sect. Tithymalopsis are united and distinguished from other sections in Euphorbia by having a thick and cylindrical root system, a glabrous cyathium, five glands with petaloid appendages, one to three stems arising from the root, absence of vestigial sepals in pistillate flowers, rounded leaf apices, and pitted or smooth seeds without a caruncle. Cladistic analyses indicate that sect. Tithymalopsis consists of two subgroups: (1) E. corollata, E. discoidalis, E. pubentissima and E. polyphylla; and (2) E. curtisii, E. gracilior and E. mercurialina. Comparative data from vegetative morphology, pollen morphology, seed morphology, cytology, crossability, reproductive biology, habitat and distribution are presented. Keys and descriptions to the species are provided.

Teucrium (Lamiaceae) from NE tropical Africa is revised. Of the six species recognized, three new species are described and illustrated: T. clementiae Ryding from E Ethiopia and N Somalia, T. somalense Ryding from NW Somalia, and T. polioides Ryding from NE and C Somalia. Maps and a key to the species are also provided.

Twenty-six species and one subspecies are newly described (mainly from South Africa, two from Namibia, one species and one subspecies from Zimbabwe) and two new combinations are made (Zimbabwe).

Two new species of Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) are described from the Arabian Peninsula: O. dhofarensis M.J.Y. Foley sp. nov. and O. hypertomentosa M.J.Y. Foley sp. nov., whilst O. abyssinica Richard is lectotypified.

The new species Sinojackia oblongicarpa C.T. Chen & T.R. Cao (Styracaceae) is described and illustrated.

Zingiber kelabitianum from Sarawak, Borneo is described. This new species belongs to section Zingiber, having radical, erect inflorescences. It is related to Z. pachysiphon B.L. Burtt & R.M. Sm. in the large size of the plant and the robust, cylindrical inflorescences with deflexed bracts. It differs in the dense, yellow-brown indumentum of the leaf sheath and ligules, the bright red bracts, the longer bracteole and the free, well-developed lateral lobes of the labellum. The traditional uses of the plant by the indigenous people, the Kelabits, are described.

Identification aids for Cicer (Leguminosae, Cicereae) taxa are presented. A DELTA format dataset was generated for 42 Cicer taxa, on the basis of observation of 214 herbarium specimens and information obtained from the literature. Using the programs key, explore and confor, a dichotomous key, a tabular key, an interactive key and brief descriptions were produced and are presented.

Inselbergs are rounded rock outcrops, usually of Precambrian age, with sparse vegetation cover. The vegetation of inselbergs in Zimbabwe is described for the first time, based upon data sampled from 53 localities. Inselbergs support a range of habitats whose vegetation is described. Data on species richness and floristic composition of the inselberg flora (549 vascular plant, 25 bryophyte and 136 lichen species) are presented. Phytogeography and diversity of inselberg vegetation are discussed. First records for Zimbabwe are reported in lichens and vascular plants.

Mount Giting-Giting is an ultramafic mountain on Sibuyan Island, Romblon Province, Republic of the Philippines. It was studied along the Mayo's Peak Ridge which had rainforest from about 200m up to c. 1550m. The grassland and scrub vegetation from 1550m to the summit (2050m) of Giting-Giting was not explored. The mean annual rainfall at the base of the mountain was c.2100mm which included a dry season around February and March. There was a notable increase in wind speed with altitude and there was about one hurricane (called a cyclone in the Philippines) per year. Analyses showed that the soils are acid ( 4.4–5.5), and have relatively low concentrations of Olsen extractable phosphorus (0.22–2.07μg g−1), low exchangeable potassium (0.04–0.41mEq 100g−1), and relatively low (for ultramafic soils) Mg/Ca quotients (0.31–2.87) and exchangeable nickel (1.0-23.8μg g−1). Coupled plots (of 0.25 or 0.04ha) were studied at altitudes from 325m to 1540m. All trees ≥ 10cm dbh were enumerated and structural features of the trees and smaller plants were quantified. The forests were all of fairly small stature (maximum tree height 24m) but dense (up to 2180 trees ha−1 in Lower Montane Forest (LMF) and up to 880 ha−1 in Upper Montane Forest (UMF)). While different taxa could be readily recognized, specific determinations were often impossible from the mainly sterile specimens. The LMF was species rich with up to at least 111 species of tree (≥ 10cm dbh) per 0.25-ha plot. There was no family clearly dominant in the two lower plots at 325m and 385m (where the Dipterocarpaceae were probably reduced by logging). At 770m and 860m the Dipterocarpaceae accounted for 12.9% and 14.7% of the basal area respectively. There was a surprisingly high representation of the Sapotaceae (25.9% of the basal area) at 1240m. At 1540m, the Araucariaceae (Agathis sp.) dominated one plot (37.1% of the basal area) and the Myrtaceae the other (72.4%).