Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T14:07:38.742Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The sleeping brain and the neural basis of emotions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2012

Roumen Kirov
Affiliation:
Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. [email protected][email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/neurobiology/[email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/~cneurodyn/[email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/~cneurodyn/
Serge Brand
Affiliation:
Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, 4012 Basel, Switzerland. [email protected]://www.upkbs.ch
Vasil Kolev
Affiliation:
Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. [email protected][email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/neurobiology/[email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/~cneurodyn/[email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/~cneurodyn/
Juliana Yordanova
Affiliation:
Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria. [email protected][email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/neurobiology/[email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/~cneurodyn/[email protected]://www.bio.bas.bg/~cneurodyn/

Abstract

In addition to active wake, emotions are generated and experienced in a variety of functionally different states such as those of sleep, during which external stimulation and cognitive control are lacking. The neural basis of emotions can be specified by regarding the multitude of emotion-related brain states, as well as the distinct neuro- and psychodynamic stages (generation and regulation) of emotional experience.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Benca, R. M., Obermeyer, W. H., Thisted, R. A. & Gillin, J. C. (1992) Sleep and psychiatric disorders. A meta-analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry 49:651–68; discussion 669–70 .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braun, A. R., Balkin, T. J., Wesenten, N. J., Carson, R. E., Varga, M., Baldwin, P., Selbie, S., Belenky, G. & Herscovitch, P. (1997) Regional cerebral blood flow throughout the sleep-wake cycle. An H2(15)O PET study. Brain 120:1173–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braun, A. R., Balkin, T. J., Wesensten, N. J., Gwadry, F., Carson, R. E., Varga, M., Baldwin, P., Belenky, G. & Herscovitch, P. (1998) Dissociated pattern of activity in visual cortices and their projections during human rapid eye movement sleep. Science 279:9195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fosse, R., Stickgold, R. & Hobson, J. A. (2004) Thinking and hallucinating: Reciprocal changes in sleep. Psychophysiology 41:298305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Foulkes, W. D. (1962) Dream reports from different stages of sleep. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 65:1425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuster, J. M. (2006) The cognit: A network model of cortical representation. International Journal of Psychophysiology 60:125–32. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16626831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gastaut, H. & Broughton, R. (1964) A clinical and polygraphic study of episodic phenomena during sleep. Recent Advances in Biological Psychiatry 7:197221.Google Scholar
Gottesmann, C. (1999) Neurophysiological support of consciousness during waking and sleep. Progress in Neurobiology 59:469508.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottesmann, C. (2010) The development of the science of dreaming. International Review of Neurobiology 92:129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, J. A. (1999) Dreaming as a delirium: How the brain does out of its mind. MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobson, J. A. (2009) REM sleep and dreaming: Towards a theory of protoconsciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 10:803–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, J. A. & Pace-Schott, E. F. (2002) The cognitive neuroscience of sleep: Neuronal systems, consciousness and learning. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 3:679–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hobson, J. A., Pace-Schott, E. F. & Stickgold, R. (2000) Dreaming and the brain: Toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23:793842; discussion 904–1121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maquet, P., Péters, J., Aerts, J., Delfiore, G., Degueldre, C., Luxen, A. & Franck, G. (1996) Functional neuroanatomy of human rapid-eye-movement sleep and dreaming. Nature 383:163–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McNamara, P., Johnson, P., McLaren, D., Harris, E., Beauharnais, C. & Auerbach, S. (2010) REM and NREM sleep mentation. International Review of Neurobiology 92:6986.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, J. S., Ohman, A. & Dolan, R. J. (1998) Conscious and unconscious emotional learning in the human amygdala. Nature 393:467–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morris, J. S., Ohman, A. & Dolan, R. J. (1999) A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating “unseen” fear. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 96:1680–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nofzinger, E. A., Mintun, M. A., Wiseman, M., Kupfer, D. J. & Moore, R. Y. (1997) Forebrain activation in REM sleep: An FDG PET study. Brain Research 770:192201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Phillips, M. L., Drevets, W. C., Rauch, S. L. & Lane, R. (2003) Neurobiology of emotion perception I: The neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biological Psychiatry 54:504–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stickgold, R., Hobson, J. A., Fosse, R. & Fosse, M. (2001) Sleep, learning, and dreams: Off-line memory reprocessing. Science 294:1052–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tamietto, M. & de Gelder, B. (2010) Neural bases of the non-conscious perception of emotional signals. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 11:697709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tononi, G. & Koch, C. (2008) The neural correlates of consciousness: An update. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1124:239–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van der Helm, E., Gujar, N. & Walker, M. P. (2010) Sleep deprivation impairs the accurate recognition of human emotions. Sleep 33:335–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J. & Dolan, R. J. (2001) Effects of attention and emotion on face processing in the human brain: An event-related fMRI study. Neuron 30:829–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, M. P. (2009) The role of sleep in cognition and emotion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1156:168–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walker, M. P. & van der Helm, E. (2009) Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing. Psychological Bulletin 135:731–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Williams, L. M., Das, P., Liddell, B. J., Kemp, A. H., Rennie, C. J. & Gordon, E. (2006) Mode of functional connectivity in amygdala pathways dissociates level of awareness for signals of fear. Journal of Neuroscience 26:9264–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoo, S. S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A. & Walker, M. P. (2007) The human emotional brain without sleep – a prefrontal amygdala disconnect. Current Biology 17:R877–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed