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Soviet Policy in North Korea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 July 2011

Joungwon Alexander Kim
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Extract

The seizure of the Pueblo, the downing of the American EC-121 reconnaissance plane, the attempted assassination of South Korea's President Chung Hee Park by a North Korean commando unit, and the recent revelation of North Korea's plans for unification of the Korean peninsula in the 1970s, raise numerous questions about the nature of the political system that has emerged from the Soviet occupation of Northern Korea in 1945-1948, during Stalin's last decade of rule.

Type
Research Article
Information
World Politics , Volume 22 , Issue 2 , January 1970 , pp. 237 - 254
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of Princeton University 1970

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References

1 This satellite system in North Korea is described in detail in North Korea: A Case Study in the Techniques of Takeover, prepared by the Department of State in 1951 and released to the public in 1961. This interpretation is based on information gathered from defectors, refugees, prisoners of war, and documents captured in the American occupation of Pyongyang during the Korean War.

2 Korea Economic Mission, Department of State, June 1947; the Soviet census showed 180,412 Korean residents in 1939.

3 Rudolph, Philip, North Korea's Political and Economic Structure (New York 1959Google Scholar), 26; Paige, Glenn D., The Korean People's Democratic Republic (Stanford 1966), 57Google Scholar.

4 Military Intelligence Service, War Department General Staff, Survey of Korea, June 15, 1943Google Scholar, 59.

5 Japanese Ministry of Home Affairs, Security Division, Tokko Geppo [Special Police Report] (Tokyo 1945Google Scholar).

6 Truman, Harry S, Memoirs by Harry S Truman: Year of Decisions, Vol. I (Garden City 1956), p. 317Google Scholar.

7 North Korea, 101.

8 Human Research Institute Staff, A Preliminary Study of the Impact of Communism Upon Korea (Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama 1951), 214Google Scholar.

9 Suh, Dae-sook, The Korean Communist Movement, 1918-1948 (Princeton 1967), p. 289Google Scholar.

10 Tong-un, Pak, Pukhan t'ongch'i kiguron [The Theory of the Organization of North Korean Rule] (Seoul 1964), 93Google Scholar.

11 Pigulevskaia, E. A., Koreiskii narod v bor'be za nezavis imost i demokratiiu [The Korean People in the Struggle for Independence and Democracy] (Moscow 1952), 174Google Scholar.

12 Hanguk chungang chôngbo-pu, Kibong chôngbo: pukkwe chuyo inmul [Basic Intelligence: The Important Personalities of the Northern Puppet] (Seoul 1964), 407Google Scholar.

13 Hanguk chônjaeng-sa [History of the Korean War] (Seoul 1967), 729Google Scholar.

14 Kim Il-sông's later criticism of Hô's admission policies is evidence of the power of his position within the party. See Kim ll-sông sônjip [The Selected Works of Kim Il-sông] (Pyongyang 1960), Vol. IV, 267Google Scholar.

15 Hangup chônjaeng-sa, 709-10.

16 E. A. Pigulevskaia, 174.

17 Pukhan nyôn'gam kanhaeng wiwôn-hoë, Pukhan Ch'onggam [Comprehensive Book of North Korea] (Seoul 1968), 123.

18 Ibid.. 119.

19 Hanguk chônfaeng-sa, 739.

20 Kibong chongbo, 162.

21 Ch'ang-sun, Kim, Pukhan siponyôn-sa [A Fifteen Year History of North Korea] (Seoul 1961), 59Google Scholar.

22 Military Situation in the Far East: Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services and the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, 82nd Congress, 1st sess., 3495.

23 “The Price of Peace,” United Nations Bulletin, 11 (July 15, 1951), 86Google Scholar; “The United States in the United Nations,” U.S. Department of State Bulletin, xxv (July 9, 1951), 78Google Scholar.

24 Kibong chongbo, 407.

25 Chosôn Nodong-dang chaesamcha munhônjip [Documents of the Third Congress of the Korean Workers' Party] (hereafter cited as Third Congress Documents) (Pyongyang 1956), 71Google Scholar.

26 Ibid., 84.

27 Chosôn chungang nyôn'gam, 1959 [(North) Korean Central Yearbook, 1959] (Pyongyang 1959Google Scholar), 322.

28 Ibid., 330.

29 The Selected Works of Kim Il-sông (English edition) (Pyongyang 1965), Vol. 11, 522.

30 Kibong chöngbo, 397. Han had been chairman of the party in Hamgyong-pukdo province.

31 Third Congress Documents, 348.

32 ibid.

33 Kim Il-söng, Selected Works, English edition Vol. 11, 513. (Lecture at the Aliarcham Academy of Social Sciences of Indonesia, April 14, 1965).

34 Third Congress Documents, 349.

35 ibid., 350.

36 Naeoë munje yônguso, Pukkwe-ûi p'apôl t'ujaeng-sa [History of Factional Struggle in the North Korean Puppet] (Seoul 1962), 79.

37 Il-söng, Kim, Selected Works (English edition), Vol. ii, 579Google Scholar–80. Italics added.

38 Ibid., pp. 515–16. Italics added.

39 Kim Chang-sun, 157.

40 Chosôn chungang nyôn'gam, 1959, 323.

41 Pukhan ch'onggam, 340.

42 Kim Il-sông sônjip, Vol. vi, 472.

43 Chosôn chungang nyôn'gam, 1959, 322.

44 Pukhan ch'onggam, 193.

45 Chosôn Nodong-dang chaesach'a taehoë-esô han chungang wiwôn-hoë saöp ch'ongh-twapogo [Report of Accomplishments of Central Committee to the Fourth Congress of the Korean Workers Party] (Pyongyang 1961), 43–54.

46 Pukhan ch'onggam, 374.

47 Ibid., 376.

48 Nodong Shinmun, October 28, 1963. Italics added.

49 Ibid.

50 Pukhan ch'onggam, 376.

51 Nodong Shinmun, June 2, 1965.

52 Minju Chosôn, June 22, 1966.

53 North Korea concluded defense treaties with both the Soviet Union and Red China in July, 1961. See The New Yorit Times, July 13, 1961, and The Washington Post, July 12, 1961.