Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:51:55.743Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphology and Photoperiodic Responses of Yellow Nutsedge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

L. L. Jansen
L. L. Jansen*
Affiliation:
Crops Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., U. S. Dep. of Agr., Beltsville, Maryland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Young vegetative clones of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) were propagated by subdivision of older clones and then grown 6 months under photoperiods of 8 to 24 hr. Early stages of development of basal bulbs, tubers, and flowering structures were characterized in terms of apical meristem activity and differentiation of various foliar appendages: cladophylls, prophylls, leaf primordia, foliar tube development, and involucral leaves. Ramification of the axial stem system was interpreted as a repeating phylogenetic sequence: viz., undifferentiated axial meristem (from basal bulb) å primitive stem (rhizome) å advanced stem (new basal bulb). New photosynthetic leaves differentiated every 4.5 to 5 days, and each exhibited a sigmoid pattern of growth for 24 to 40 days. As photoperiods increased from 14 to 24 hr, certain active vegetative processes—total peripheral shoot development, rhizome proliferation, and rate of higher order shooting—were progressively promoted. The rate of differentiation of indeterminate rhizome tips into basal bulbs (new shoots) was maximum at 16 hr and into tubers at 8 to 12 hr. Delayed tuberization, however, occurred even at the longest photoperiod. Flowering occurred only at photoperiods of 12 and 14 hr. Active vegetative processes were competitive with tuberization, and flowering was competitive with both active and dormant vegetative development.

Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , May 1971 , pp. 210 - 219
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Bell, R. S., Lachman, W. H., Rahn, E. M., and Sweet, R. D. 1962. Life history studies as related to weed control in the Northeast. 1. Nutgrass. Rhode Island Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 364. 33 p.Google Scholar
2. Bendixen, L. E. 1970. Validity of evaluating transformation of primary rhizomes in yellow nutsedge. Weed Sci. 18:408–409.Google Scholar
3. Cheadle, V. I. and Whitford, N. B. 1941. Observations on the phloem in the Monocotydoneae. I. The occurrence and phylogenetic specialization in structure of the sieve tubes in the metaphloem. Amer. J. Bot. 28:623–627.Google Scholar
4. Esau, Katherine. 1953. Plant Anatomy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 735 p.Google Scholar
5. Garg, D. K., Bendixen, L. E., and Anderson, S. R. 1967. Rhizome differentiation in yellow nutsedge. Weeds 15:124–128.Google Scholar
6. Gleason, H. A. 1952. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Vol. I. Lancaster Press, Inc., Lancaster, Pennsylvania. 482 p.Google Scholar
7. Gray, A. 1867. Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States. 5th ed. Ivison, Blakeman & Co., New York. 703 p.Google Scholar
8. Hauser, E. W. 1962. Development of purple nutsedge under field conditions. Weeds 10:315–321.Google Scholar
9. Hauser, E. W. 1962. Establishment of nutsedge from space-planted tubers. Weeds 10:209–212.Google Scholar
10. Hitchcock, A. S. 1935. Manual of the grasses of the United States. U. S. Dep. Agr. Misc. Publ. No. 200. 1040 p.Google Scholar
11. Holm, L. 1969. Weed problems in developing countries. Weed Sci. 17:113–118.Google Scholar
12. Robinson, B. L. and Fernald, M. L. 1908. Gray's New Manual of Botany. 7th ed. American Book Co., New York. 926 p.Google Scholar
13. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. 1970. Selected Weeds of the United States. Agr. Handb. 366. 463 p.Google Scholar
14. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Federal Extension Service, and Economic Research Service. 1968. Extent and cost of weed control with herbicides and an evaluation of important weeds, 1965. ARS 34–102. 85 p.Google Scholar
15. Went, F. W. 1957. The Experimental Control of Plant Growth. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, Mass. 343 p.Google Scholar