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Mechanism of Inheritance of Diclofop Resistance in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Kevin J. Betts ,
Nancy J. Ehlke ,
Donald L. Wyse ,
John W. Gronwald  and
David A. Somers
Kevin J. Betts
Affiliation:
Plant Sci. Res. Unit, U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Nancy J. Ehlke
Affiliation:
Plant Sci. Res. Unit, U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
Donald L. Wyse
Affiliation:
Plant Sci. Res. Unit, U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
John W. Gronwald
Affiliation:
Plant Sci. Res. Unit, U.S. Dep. Agric., Agric. Res. Serv., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
David A. Somers
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron. and Plant Genet., Univ. Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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Abstract

A diclofop-methyl-resistant biotype of Italian ryegrass was characterized to determine the expression and inheritance of herbicide resistance and whether this trait was due to the presence of a diclofop-insensitive form of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase). At the whole plant level, the resistant biotype was > 93-fold more resistant to diclofop-methyl than the susceptible biotype. Crosses of diclofop-resistant and –susceptible plants were performed to produce F1 plants. No maternal effects were evident in responses of reciprocal F1 plants to diclofop. GR50 diclofop rates determined for resistant, F1, and susceptible plants were 15, 6.3, and 0.16 kg ha−1, respectively. F2 populations treated with a 7.5 kg ha−1 rate of diclofop exhibited three injury response phenotypes 3 wk after treatment: a susceptible (S) phenotype which was killed, an intermediate resistance (I) phenotype with severe injury, and a resistant (R) phenotype with little or no injury. Testcross progeny exhibited only I and S phenotypes. Observed segregation of phenotypes in F2 and testcross populations conformed to segregation ratios predicted for a trait with inheritance controlled by a single partially dominant nuclear gene. ACCase activity determined in crude cell-free extracts of resistant, F1, and susceptible biotypes exhibited I50 values of 50, 20, and 0.7 μM diclofop, respectively. A positive relationship between the injury response phenotype and site of action (ACCase) response to diclofop was evident in both F1 and F2 populations. In extracts from R, I, and S phenotype F2 plants, 20 μM diclofop acid inhibited ACCase-mediated incorporation of 14C by 27.1, 45.1, and 78.9%, respectively. The ACCase data are consistent with the hypothesis that diclofop resistance in Italian ryegrass is conferred by a diclofop-insensitive form of ACCase.

Keywords

Diclofop, (±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy]propanoic acid, methyl esterItalian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. #3 LOLMUAcetyl-CoA carboxylaseACCaseherbicide resistanceweed genetics
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 40 , Issue 2 , June 1992 , pp. 184 - 189
Copyright
Copyright © 1992 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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