Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 June 2004
Contact electrification and triboelectrification
are well-known in the case of dissimilar materials, however the case of
charge exchange during friction between nominally identical insulating
materials is less documented. We experimentally investigated the
triboelectrification between two smooth monocrystalline $\alpha
$-Al2O3 (sapphire) antagonists by surface force measurements with
a Surface Force Apparatus (SFA). The force between a sphere and a plane,
both in sapphire, was measured as a function of the sphere-plane distance D,
before and after nano-friction tests, under dry argon atmosphere. Respective
contributions of van der Waals, water meniscus and electrostatic forces were
determined. The estimated Hamaker constant was in good agreement with the
Lifshitz theory, and the dominant meniscus attraction at low separation
could be overcome with small radius sphere. We demonstrated that
electrostatic forces were generated by the nano-friction test and we
quantified the adhesion that results from this contact-electrification. In
the first stage of the unloading process, the short range electrostatic
force was found to vary both with time and distance D. Experimental results
were correlated with surface densities of mobile charges on the two
surfaces, and the time-dependence was related to classical surface transport
phenomena on alumina surfaces.