There has been a major international debate about the importance of work time change. One key aspect of this debate has been the extent and impact of extended work hours. In this paper we examine the effects of a flexitime system on excessive hours in a Queensland public service department. This study finds that, for some groups of workers, the introduction of the flexitime system directly contributed to the development of a long-hours culture. The long-hours culture developed as part of managerial prerogative and in the absence of adequate regulation. Our research also finds that employees reluctantly working long hours consistently reported negative effects on their working and non-working life.

The paper employs George Orwell's notion of doublethink in examining three contemporary industrial relations issues. They are the Cole Royal Commission into the building and construction industry, bargaining fees and employee entitlements. The Cole Royal Commission was an inquisition into the heresy of unionism. The decision of a Full Bench of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission on bargaining fees has found that collective bargaining does not pertain to the employer-employee relationship. This decision encourages free-riding to weaken unions. On the other hand, various employee entitlement schemes, developed by the Australian government, to meet obligations of companies to employees when the former collapse, enable, or encourage, companies to free-ride on the backs of taxpayers. The paper concludes with the observation that a bleak future awaits unions.

Over the past two decades temporary agency work has increased in relation to most sectors and countries. This growth reflects the internationalisation of the agency business which, arguably, has come about due to demands for an ‘on-call just-in-time’ workforce. While temporary agency work possesses several conceptual and empirical challenges for researchers, it also poses challenges for regulators. This paper considers some of those challenges concerning various definitions, classifications and measurement of temporary work while comparing the Australian and Irish experience. It is concluded that while agency work in Australia and Ireland is modest, it is growing, and the conceptual and empirical problems associated with its under-recording pose difficulties for the design and implementation of a regulatory code for this sector.

New Zealand has a unique approach to retirement income provision. The state pension arrangements have the advantage of being very simple and easy to understand and administer. While there are numerous issues associated with the ageing of the population that may require modification to the parameters of state provision in the future, there is little political disagreement about the basic design of the state pension. In ensuring universal coverage with a flat rate taxable pension for everyone without the need for a contributions record, New Zealand has prevented elderly poverty to date. Supplementary private provision has been unsubsidised and recent debate has focused on the need to encourage more private saving particularly through work-based schemes. Nevertheless there are numerous advantages to New Zealand's tax neutral approach, which may offer lessons to reformers in other countries. With some caveats, New Zealand appears well placed to weather the increased expenditures associated with the retirement of the baby boomers.

The Korean old-age income support system is at a crossroads. The population is ageing rapidly and the public pension schemes are facing bankruptcy. Proposals to downsize the National Pension Scheme have been held up in the National Assembly by political parties who have argued for multi pillar arrangements as advocated by the OECD and the World Bank. However, with the recent passing of legislation to allow the conversion of retirement allowances to private pensions, many commentators believe that a better approach would be to covert the current National Pension Scheme from a ‘low contribution-high benefit’ scheme to an adequate contribution-adequate benefit scheme. For the future of the nation, reform of the pension system is urgent and inevitable.

Japan is experiencing a rapid ageing of its population with a subsequent strain on its social security pensions. Despite periodic reforms over recent decades and comprehensive reforms in 2004, many outstanding issues remain. Using the balance sheet approach we show that despite its recent reforms, Japan's social security pensions face substantial excess liabilities. As well, the reforms themselves may have exacerbated the incentive-compatibility problem.

Over the past 100 years, retirement income provision in Australia has evolved into a multi-pillar arrangement comprising the Age Pension, the Superannuation Guarantee and voluntary retirement saving. With fully funded superannuation and a public pension that is both less generous than many other countries and means tested, Australia's retirement income arrangements are well placed to cope with population ageing. However concerns remain in relation to adequacy, efficiency and the vulnerability of private provision to trends in labour, economic and financial markets.