Throughout my years so far of medical school, caffeine has supplied that extra energy needed to get me through the late nights before deadlines and exams. There is also another well-recognised group of students, well-recognised at least in the USA - those who illegitimately acquire drugs, such as Adderall, in the run up to, and even during, exams. A study published in the Journal of Attention Disorders identified that 56% of student patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) had been approached by other students to acquire their ADHD medications; just under half of these ADHD patients complied. Of course, these stimulants can also be obtained with a simple internet search of symptoms to then present to the physician. Evidence demonstrates that these drugs can significantly bolster the score of an exam and so we ask, is it wrong for students to use these drugs for enhancing their grade?

Earlier this year I was invited by the American Psychiatric Association to deliver a public lecture on the contributions of Sir Aubrey Lewis to psychiatry, with particular reference to his work in its historical perspective (Shepherd, 1977). By a happy chance the lecture in question is linked with the name of Adolf Meyer, an eponymous association which facilitated the exposition of the principal theme of my address. It was, I believe, Manfred Bleuler who first drew attention to the similarities between Adolf Meyer and Aubrey Lewis despite profound differences in their temperament and background (Bleuler, 1966). In retrospect it is now apparent that Lewis was Meyer's natural successor, both men standing out as the representative psychiatrist of his generation in the mainstream of psychiatry, each owing his pre-eminence as much to what he stood for as to what he achieved. This was the argument which I did my best to elaborate, drawing for the purpose on the sources and development of Sir Aubrey's ideas, on his manifold achievements and on the various legacies which he has bestowed to his own successors. And, since I was addressing a largely North American audience to whom he was a somewhat remote figure, I attempted to introduce my subject with a few words about the origins and character of the man himself.

It is known that peptic ulcer patients have an increased incidence of blood group O, (1) and that peptic ulcer patients have above average scores for Neuroticism on the Maudsley Personality Inventory (3). In view of this it seemed worthwhile to see if there is any relationship between blood group O and Neuroticism (2).

Leucotomy has been used to treat many patients with schizophrenia. Although some patients seem to have derived considerable benefit from the operation, a number have shown little or no improvement (Board of Control, 1947, Tooth et al., 1961). An appreciable number of schizophrenic patients who have had a leucotomy remain long-stay patients in mental hospitals. In the last few years there has been an increased emphasis on the rehabilitation of chronically disabled psychiatric patients and the purpose of this paper is to assess the response to rehabilitation of long-stay schizophrenic patients several years after a leucotomy operation.