¹ Cadbury Bros and Frys were already co-operating under the Cheltenham Agreement to dicuss price and sales strategy. In early 1017 the pressure of wartime shortages produced discussions about extending this co-operation to Rowntree & Co.

² War and Peace, monthly journal set up in 1913 by Norman Angeli to propound his views; starting in May 1917, it was issued as a monthly supplement to the Nation.

³ Marian Emily Ellis (1878–1952), daughter of John Edward Ellis; m. Ld Parmoor 1919; leading figure in FoR, and after the war Hon. Sec. Fight the Famine Council.

⁴ Ernest Jones (1862–1941), Quaker businessman from Kendal and bro.-in-law of E.E. Taylor; served as unofficial chaplain to FAU 1917.

⁵ Criminal Law Amendment Bill introduced by the govt 19 February 1917. Most controversially, it proposed to make the deliberate spreading of venereal disease and soliciting with such a disease criminal offences and authorized compulsory examinations of suspected carriers. The Bill provoked huge controversy and was shelved on 30 April 1917. Quakers were prominent in opposing the measure.

⁶ Athenaeum, distinguished journal founded 1828; by 1917 it was a fortnightly review of society and politics, edited by Arthur Greenwood; its circulation was only 2,000 and it was losing money heavily. On 13 April 1917 the JRSST agreed to buy the journal for £1,000 and support it for two years. In 1921 the Athenaeum merged with the Nation.

⁷ Arthur Locke (1872–1932), Asst Sec. Home Office.

⁸ The Brace Cttee, which was in charge of the Home Office scheme offering work of ‘national importance’ to COs, obtained the use of Dartmoor Prison in early 1917. It was rechristened Princetown Work Centre.

⁹ Reconstruction Cttee; cttee of fourteen ‘experts’ set up in March 1917 by Lloyd George to plan postwar social reform. Seebohm Rowntree devoted most of his time to housing.

¹⁰ The Dir. of Public Prosecutions had written to the Recording Clerk of YM on 12 February 1917, asking the YM to dissociate itself from two leaflets issued by the FSC which urged COs not to undertake alternative service.

¹¹ Glenart Castle, one of two hospital ships staffed by the FAU in 1916–1917. On the night of 1 March 1917 the ship was struck by a mine or torpedo off the Isle of Wight. Nobody was killed but the ship was severely damaged and the Unit was disbanded on 10 March 1917.

¹² Victor William Alexander (1887–1963), leader of FAU personnel on the Gienart Castle; later a teacher at Bootham. Tony Wilson and Knowles, FAU members on the ship.

¹³ Mary Green Crosfield (1851–1940), m. George Theodore Crosfield (1849–1927), Croydon Quaker and tea merchant.

¹⁴ Amy Elizabeth Sturge (1870–1943), Birmingham Quaker, sister of Winifred Sturge; Headmistress of the Mount School.

¹⁵ An obituary of Margaret Ford appeared in the Friend, 23 02 1917, pp. 140–141.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Backhouse stood as an Ind. ‘Peace by Negotiation’ cand. in the Stockton by-election on 20 March 1917. A.S.R. and T.E. Harvey spoke for him (against the Lib. candidate).

¹⁷ Herbert Albert Laurens Fisher (1865–1940), Lib. MP Sheffield, Hallani 1916–1918, Combined English Univs 1918–1926; Pres. Bd of Education 1916–1922; an historian; Fellow of New College, Oxford 1888–1912, Vice-Ghane. Sheffield University 1912–1916, Warden of New College 1925–1940.

¹⁸ Hansard, 5th series, 1917, XCII, 1887–1998Google Scholar for the debate on the Education Estimates on 19 April 1917.

¹⁹ Francis Hamilton Wedgwood (1867–1930), eldest bro. of Josiah Wedgwood MP; Chmn and Managing Dir. Josiah Wedgwood & Sons 1916–1930.

²⁰ Samuel Clowes (1864–1928), Sec. National Society of Pottery Workers 1916–1928; Lab. MP Hanley 1924–1928.

²¹ Hudson Ewbanke Kearley (1856–1934), Lib. MP Devonport 1892–January 1910; PS Bd of Trade 1905–1909, Food Controller and Chmn Royal Commission on Sugar Supplies 1916–1917; Bt 1908, er. Ld Devonport 1910, Vt 1917.

²² Devonport threat; due to heavy shipping losses Vt Devonport was considenng severely restricting the number and character of lines of confectionary in order to reduce sugar consumption.

²³ When Rendel Harris visited India in 1917 his ship was sunk by enemy action on both the outward and return voyages. He recorded his experiences in Ulysses to his Friends (Birmingham, 1917).Google Scholar

²⁴ On 29 March 1917 the War Office banned overseas circulation of the Nation, on the grounds that it could be used as enemy propaganda and Lloyd George defended the ban in the HofC on 17 April. The Nation of 21 April 1917 was particularly vitriolic in its denunciation of the PM and contained numerous letters from Lib. MPs and writers supporting their case. After Seebohm Rowntree had complained at the nature of the attacks on Lloyd George, the JRSST had resolved on 22 December 1916 that the paper should ‘avoid all personalities as much as possible’.

²⁵ Corn Production Bill; this Act empowered the govt to direct farmers to plough up grassland to grow cereals. In return they were guaranteed minimum prices for their crops and labourers received a minimum wage. A.S.R. was interested in the latter part of the Bill and secured an amendment ensuring that the minimum wage would be enough for ‘physical efficiency’, Hansard, 5th series, 1917, XCVI, 683–688, 706.Google Scholar

²⁶ The govt did take this course and the FAU relinquished responsibility for its one remaining hospital ship, the Western Australia, on 12 05 1917.Google Scholar

²⁷ The joint meeting of trade unionists and employers in the pottery industry was scheduled for 5–6 May 1917. It eventually resulted in the formation of the National Council of the Potteries Industry in January 1918 – the forerunner of the Whitley Councils.

²⁸ Angell had initially been denied permission to return to the USA in 1916 because it was alleged he had written anti-war articles in the American press.

²⁹ Thomas Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924), Pres. of the USA, 1913–1921.

³⁰ K.E.T. Wilkinson helped A.S.R. in his work on Fisher's Education Bill in 1918.