¹ Sir John Brigg (1834–1911), Lib. MP Keighley 1895–1911; kt. 1909; and his eldest son John Jeremy Brigg, Lib. cand. Thirsk and Malton 1906, January 1910.

² Bevan James, traveller with Rowntree & Co. Whiteways was a large department store.

³ Thomas Edmund Harvey (1875–1955), eldest bro. of M.K.R.; schoolfriend of A.S.R. and his closest friend and collaborator in HofC. Educated Bootham and Oxford; asst at British Museum 1900–1904; Dep. Warden Toynbee Hall 1904–1906, Warden 1906–1911; LCC 1904–1907; Lib. MP West Leeds January 1910–1918, Dewsbury 1923–1924; Ind. Prog. MP Combined English Univs 1937–1945; PPS E.J. Griffith 1912–1913, C.F.G. Masterman 1913–1914, resigning on outbreak of war.

⁴ William Archer (1856–1924), Australian journalist; drama critic of Nation.

⁵ Ernest Parke (1860–1944), Lib. newspaperman. Managing Ed. and Dir. of Star 1891–1908Google Scholar, Morning Leader 1892–1912.Google Scholar

⁶ Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XIV, 3–8Google Scholar for these speeches on the re-election of The Speaker. This was the first day of the 1910 Parliament and A.S.R.'s first experience of the House of Commons as an MP.

⁷ Thomas Burt (1837–1922), Lib. MP Morpeth 1874–1918; PS Bd of Trade 1892–1895; Father of HofC 1910–1918. One of the first two working-class MPs and Sec. Northumberland Miners' Mutual Confident Association 1865–1913.

⁸ Henry Chaplin (1840–1923), Con. MP Mid-Lincolnshire 1868–1885, Sleaford 1885–1906, Wimbledon 1907–1916, when cr. Vt Chaplin. Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1885–1886, Pres. Bd of Agriculture 1889–1892, Pres. Local Govt Bd 1895–1900. Archetypal country gentleman, known as ‘the Squire’.

⁹ James William Lowther (1855–1949), Con. MP Rutland 1883–1885, Penrith 1886–1921; Speaker 1905–1921, when cr. Vt Ullswater.

¹⁰ Rudolf Chambers Lehmann (1856–1929), journalist; Lib. MP Harborough 1906–December 1910.

¹¹ John George Butcher (1851–1935), Irish-born barrister; Con. MP York 1892–1906, January 1910–1923; Bt 1918; cr. Ld Danesfort 1924.

¹² Elihu Richard Cross (1864–1916), Scarborough solicitor, Clerk to JPs 1895–1913; convert to Quakerism c. 1898, friend and political helper of A.S.R. Performed much legal work for Rowntree & Co., Joseph Rowntree, and his various trusts, of which he was sec. 1906–1916. Chmn of Bd of Dirs of Nation 1907–1916Google Scholar; member Land Enquiry 1912–1914, Central Control Bd 1915–1916.

¹³ Edward Cadbury (1873–1948), s. of George Cadbury; Dir. Cadbury Bros, Chmn 1932–1944; Chmn Bd of Dirs Daily News 1911–1930.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Arthur James Sherwell (1863–1942), Lib. MP Huddersfield November 1906–1918; co-wrote five books on temperance with Joseph Rowntree.

¹⁵ John Dillon (1851–1927), Irish Nat. MP Tipperary 1880–1883, East Mayo 1885–1918; leader of Anti-Parnellites 1896–1900, Irish Nats 1918.

¹⁶ Henry Lloyd Wilson (1862–1941), Dir. J. & E. Sturge, Birmingham chemical manufacturers, but devoted his life to Quaker concerns; member Meeting for Sufferings 1889–1919, Council of Woodbrooke 1908–1938; bro. of J.W. Wilson MP.

¹⁷ Hamar Greenwood (1870–1948), Canadian barrister; Lib. MP York 1906–Janu ary 1910, Sunderland December 1910–1922, Constitutionalist MP East Walthamstow 1924–1929; US Home Office 1919, Sec. Dept of Overseas Trade 1919–1920, Chief Sec. for Ireland 1920–1922; Bt 1915, cr. Ld Greenwood 1929, Vt 1937.

¹⁸ Constance Margaret Rowntree (nee Naish) (1871–1928), widow of John Wilhelm Rowntree, eldest s. of Joseph Rowntree.

¹⁹ John Bowes Morrell (1873–1963), member of Yorkshire banking family; Dir. Rowntree & Co. 1897–1943; co-dir. with A.S.R. of several regional newspapers; Chmn Westminster Press 1933–1953; prominent figure in York local govt, Councillor Micklegate 1905–1917, Alderman 1917–1945, Ld Mayor, 1914–1915, 1949–1950.

²⁰ John Lawrence Le Breton Hammond (1872–1949), journalist and historian writing for Liberal newspapers.

²¹ Walter Russell Rea (1873–1948), Lib. MP Scarborough 1906–1918, North Bradford 1923–1924, Dewsbury 1931–1935; Lib. whip 1915–1916, Chief Whip 1931–1935; Bt 1935, cr. Ld Rea 1937.

²² Anna Maria Harvey (nee Whiting) (1851–1934), M.K.R.'s mother.

²³ Henry Tylor Cadbury (1882–1952), s. of George Cadbury; Managing Dir. Daily News 1907–1930Google Scholar; Warden of Woodbrooke 1931–1941.

²⁴ Alfred George Gardiner (1865–1946), Ed. Daily News 1902–1919.Google Scholar

²⁵ David Lloyd George (1863–1945), Lib. MP Caernarvon Boroughs 1890–1945, when cr. Earl Lloyd George; Pres. Bd of Trade 1905–1908, Chanc, of Exchequer 1908–1915, Min. of Munitions 1915–1916, Sec. of State for War 1916, Prime Minister 1916–1922, Leader of Lib. Party 1926–1931.

²⁶ Edward VII (1841–1910), Prince of Wales 1841–1901, King 1901–1910.

²⁷ Henry Herbert Riley-Smith (1863–1911), Chmn John Smith's brewers of Tadcaster; unsuccessful Con. cand. York January 1910.

²⁸ George Newman (1870–1948), Quaker and schoolfriend of A.S.R.; Chief Medical Officer, Bd of Education 1907–1935; Min. of Health 1919–1935; Hon. Sec. NASU 1898–1905; Chmn FAU 1914–1919; literary adviser to Ed. of Friend 1912–1932Google Scholar, Ed. Friends Quarterly Examiner 1900–1943Google Scholar; kt. 1911.

²⁹ John Edward Ellis (1841–1910), Lib. MP Rushcliffe 1885–December 1910; US India Office 1905–1907; Quaker and relative by marriage of A.S.R.

³⁰ Arthur Rowntree (1861–1949), cousin of A.S.R.; Headmaster, Bootham School, York 1899–1927.

³¹ Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XIV, 895–896 and 919–927Google Scholar for Butcher on the Treasury (Temporary Borrowing) Bill and Beresford on the Supplementary Estimates for the Navy.

³² Admiral Lord Charles William de la Poer Beresford (1846–1919), Con. MP 1874–1880, 1885–1889, 1898–1900, 1902–1903,January 1910–1916 in intervals from controversial Naval career; cr. Ld Beresford, 1916.

³³ Sarah Elizabeth Rowntree (1861–1942), A.S.R.'s eldest sister.

³⁴ Percy Alden (1865–1944), Lib. MP Tottenham 1906–1918, Lab. MP South Tottenham 1923–1924; Warden, Mansfield House 1891–1901; Lab. Councillor West Ham 1892–1901, Dep. Mayor 1898; closely associated with Quakerism from c. 1901, but does not seem to have formally converted; journalist and social worker; kt. 1933.

³⁵ John William Gulland (1864–1920), Lib. MP Dumfries Burghs 1906–1918; Scottish whip 1909–1915, Chief Whip 1915–1918.

³⁶ Francis Knollys (1837–1924), Private Sec. to Edward VII 1870–1910, George V 1910–1913; cr. Ld Knollys 1902, Vt 1911.

³⁷ Cocoa Works of Rowntree & Co. at Haxby Rd, York.

³⁸ A.S.R. was Sec. (later Chmn) of the Cttee of Management of the Quaker schools, Bootham and the Mount, 1903–1945.

³⁹ Joseph Rowntree (1836–1925), Partner, H.I. Rowntree & Co. 1869–1897; Chmn Rowntree & Co. 1897–1923. Responsible for building the firm into a major force in confectionary manufacturing; propagandist for temperance and housing reform; A.S.R.'s uncle.

⁴⁰ John William Procter (1849–1925), agricultural merchant, York Quaker and friend of A.S.R., who succ. Procter as Sec. of Bootham and the Mount schools; JP and exmember York School Bd.

⁴¹ Helen Doncaster Rowntree (1833–1920), A.S.R.'s stepmother.

⁴² Labour put down an amendment to the army estimates, calling on government departments to operate fair wages clauses. They abstained on the vote and the government won 215–152; Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XIV, 1317–1350Google Scholar. R.D. Holt moved the amendment on S. Africa, but the matter was not pressed to a vote; ibid., 1378–1382.

⁴³ A.S.R. is referring to the naval estimates, 1910–1911 of £40 million.

⁴⁴ Thomas Lough (1850–1922), Lib. MP West Islington 1892–1918; PS Bd of Education 1905–1908. His motion was to reduce Vote A for the Navy by 3,000 men; Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XV, 213–318Google Scholar for the debate. The matter was pushed to a vote and lost 225–34, with A.S.R. voting in the minority.

⁴⁵ Thomas Power O'Connor (1848–1929), Irish Nat. MP Galway 1880–1885, Liverpool Scotland 1885–1929.

⁴⁶ Henry William Massingham (1860–1924), Lib. newspaperman; Ed. Nation 1907–1923.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Sir William John Crossley (1844–1911), Lib. MP Altrincham 1906—December 1910; Bt 1909.

⁴⁸ Augustine Birrell (1850–1933), Lib. MP West Fife 1889–1900, North Bristol 1906–1918; Pres. Bd of Education 1905–1907, Chief Sec. for Ireland 1907–1916.

⁴⁹ Jeremiah McVeagh (1870–1932), Irish Nat. MP South Down 1902–1922; noted parliamentary wit; Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XV, 358Google Scholar for this exchange.

⁵⁰ Ibid., 363; the unfortunate Conservative was Ion Hamilton Benn (1863–1961), MP Greenwich January 1910–1922; Bt 1920.

⁵¹ Benjamin Seebohm Rowntree (1871–1954), eldest surviving s. of Joseph Rowntree; social investigator, author of Poverty: A Study of Town Life (1901)Google Scholar and twenty-five other books and pamphlets; member Land Enquiry 1912–1914; Dir. Welfare Department Ministry of Munirions 1916–1917; member Reconstruction Cttee 1917–1918, Lib. Industrial Inquiry 1926–1928; Dir. Rowntree and Co. 1897–1941, Chmn 1923–1941; close friend of A.S.R.

⁵² Temperance Legislation League; organization founded in 1905 to campaign for public ownership of the drink industry, a cause vigorously promoted by Joseph Rowntree.

⁵³ Sir Thomas Fowell Buxton (1837–1915), Lib. landowner, banker and brewer; MP Lyme Regis 1865–1868; Gov. South Australia 1895–1898; succ. as 3rd Bt 1858.

⁵⁴ Sons of Sir T.F. Buxton: Noel Edward Buxton (1869–1948), lib. MP Whitby 1905–1906, North Norfolk January 1910–1918, Lab. MP North Norfolk 1922–1930; Min. of Agriculture 1924, 1929–1930; cr. Ld Noel-Buxton, 1930. Charles Roden Buxton (1875–1942), Lib. MP Ashburton January–December 1910, Lab. MP Accrington 1922–1923, Elland 1929–1931; convert to Quakerism c. 1917.

⁵⁵ George Nathaniel Curzon (1859–1925), Con. MP Southport 1886–1898; US India Office 1891–1892, US Foreign Office 1895–1898, Viceroy of India 1899–1905, Ld Privy Seal, 1915–1916, Pres. Air Bd 1916, Lord Pres, of Council 1916–1919, 1924–1925, Foreign Sec. 1919–1924; cr. Lord Curzon of Kedleston 1898, Earl Curzon 1911, Marquess 1921. Hansard, 5th series, 1910, V, 278–296Google Scholar for his speech on Rosebery's motion to reform the composition of the HofL.

⁵⁶ Alexander William Charles Oliphant Murray (1870–1920), styled Master of Elibank as heir to the Scottish peerage of Elibank; Lib. MP Midlothian 1900–1906, January 1910–1912, Peebles and Selkirk 1906–January 1910; Scottish whip 1905–1909, US India Office 1909–1910, Chief Whip 1910–1912, when cr. Ld Murray of Elibank.

⁵⁷ Lady Victoria Buxton (d. 1916), wife of Sir T.F. Buxton; daughter of first Earl of Gainsborough.

⁵⁸ Walter Runciman (1870–1949), Lib. MP Oldham 1899–1900, Dewsbury 1902–1918, West Swansea 1924–1929, St Ives (lib. Nat. from 1931), 1929–1937, when cr. Vt Runciman; PS Local Govt Bd 1905–1907, Fin. Sec. to Treasury 1907–1908, Pres. Bd of Education 1908–1911, Pres. Bd of Agriculture 1911–1914, Pres. Bd of Trade 1914–1916, 1931–1937, Ld Pres, of the Council 1938–1939.

⁵⁹ Samuel Herbert Benson (1854–1914), founder of S.H. Benson advertising agency, which handled Rowntree and Co.'s account 1897–1931.

⁶⁰ Harold Spender (1864–1926), Lib. journalist.

⁶¹ The government tabled its three resolutions on reform of the Lords on 21 March 1910.

⁶² Seymour Henry Bathurst (1864–1943), succ. as 7th Earl Bathurst 1892; diehard peer. A.S.R. was paraphrasing the closing words of his speech on Rosebery's motion to reform the Lords; Hansard, 5th series, 1910, V, 469.Google Scholar

⁶³ Archibald Philip Primrose (1847–1929), succ. as 5th Earl of Rosebery 1868; US Home Office 1881–1883, Ld Privy Seal 1885, Foreign Sec. 1886, 1892–1894, Prime Minister 1894–1895, Leader Lib. Party 1894–1896.

⁶⁴ The debate was on the government's motion to create a Committee of the Whole House to form resolutions on the relations of the Lords and Commons. Asquith declared the government wished to remove the Lords' veto; Balfour was merely critical of Asquith; Munro-Ferguson wanted reform of the composition of the Lords, and Barnes declared for a single chamber; Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XV, 1162–1222.Google Scholar

⁶⁵ Herbert Henry Asquith (1852–1928), Lib. MP East Fife 1886–1918, Paisley 1920–1924; Home Sec. 1892–1895; Chanc, of the Exchequer 1905–1908; Prime Minister 1908–1916; Leader Lib. Party 1908–1926; cr. Earl of Oxford and Asquith, 1925.

⁶⁶ Arthur James Balfour (1848–1930), Con. MP Hertford 1874–1885, East Manchester 1885–1906, City of London February 1906–May 1922, when cr. Earl of Balfour; Pres. Local Govt Bd 1885, Sec. for Scotland 1886–1887, Chief Sec. for Ireland 1887–1891, First Ld of Treasury and Leader HofC 1891–1892, 1895–1905, Prime Minister 1902–1905, Ld Privy Seal 1902–1903, First Ld of Admiralty 1915–1916, Foreign Sec. 1916–1919, Ld Pres, of the Council 1919–1922, 1925–1929, Leader Con. Party 1902–1911.

⁶⁷ George Nicoli Barnes (1859–1940), Lab. MP Glasgow, Blackfriars 1906–1918, Co. Lab. MP Glasgow, Gorbals 1918–1922; Gen. Sec Amalgamated Society of Engineers 1896–1908; Chmn Lab. MPs 1910–1911; Min. of Pensions 1916–1917, War Cabinet 1917–1920.

⁶⁸ Ronald Crauford Munro-Ferguson (1860–1934), Lib. landowner and partisan of Rosebery; MP Ross and Cromarty 1884–1885, Leith 1886–1914; Lib. whip 1894–1895, Gov.-Gen. Australia 1914–1920, Scottish Sec. 1922–1924 in Con. govts; cr. Vt Novar 1920.

⁶⁹ Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XVI, 129–160Google Scholar for these speeches on the Con. amendment to the Libs' resolutions on the HofL.

⁷⁰ Andrew Bonar Law (1858–1923), Con. MP Glasgow, Blackfriars 1900–1906, Dulwich May 1906–December 1910, Bootle 1911–1918, Central Glasgow 1918–1923; PS Bd of Trade 1902–1905, Sec. of State for Colonies 1915–1916, Chane, of Exchequer 1916–1919, Ld Privy Seal 1919–1921, Prime Minister 1922–1923; Leader of Con. Party 1911–1921, 1922–1923.

⁷¹ John Atkinson Hobson (1858–1940), Lib. journalist and economist.

⁷² Francis Wrigley Hirst (1873–1953), Lib. journalist; Ed. The Economist 1907–1916.Google Scholar

⁷³ Charles Frederick Gurney Masterman (1873–1927), Lib. journalist; MP North West Ham 1906–1911, South West Bethnal Green 1911–1914, Rusholme 1923–1924; PS Local Govt Bd 1908–1909, US Home Office 1909–1912, Fin. Sec. to Treasury 1912–1914, Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1914–1915.

⁷⁴ Joseph Austen Chamberlain (1863–1937), LU MP (Unionist from 1912) East Worcestershire 1892–1914, West Birmingham 1914–1937; Civil Ld of Admiralty 1895–1900, Fin. Sec. to Treasury 1900–1902, Postmaster-General 1902–1903, Chanc. of Exchequer 1903–1905, 1919–1921, Sec. of State India 1915–1917, Min. without Portfolio 1918–1919, Ld Privy Seal and Leader of Con. Party 1921–1922, Foreign Sec. 1924–1929, First Ld of Admiralty 1931; KG 1925. Chamberlain was replying to Haldane's speech on the government's proposals to prevent the Lords delaying money bills in the future; Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XVI, 449–479.Google Scholar

⁷⁵ Richard Burdon Haldane (1856–1928), Lib. MP Haddingtonshire 1885–1911; Sec. of State for War 1905–1912, Ld Chanc. 1912–1915, 1924 (in Lab. govt); cr. Vt Haldane 1911.

⁷⁶ Gerald Ashburner France (1870–1935), Lib. MP Morley January 1910–1922.

⁷⁷ Edwin Gilbert (1859–1933), Quaker; Sec. NASU 1902–1919.

⁷⁸ John Galsworthy (1867–1933), author, playwright and (at this time) committed radical who used his legal training to condemn the punishment of criminals (especially solitary confinement) in his play, Justice.

⁷⁹ Charles E. Elmhirst, Chmn York Con. Association.

⁸⁰ William Charles Braithwaite (1862–1922), Quaker; barrister, banker, and historian of Quakerism. Old friend of A.S.R. and Chmn NASU 1900–1922.

⁸¹ Joseph Allen Baker (1852–1918), Lib. MP East Finsbury 1905–July 1918; LCC 1895–1907. Quaker, active in adult school movement and Chmn J. Baker & Sons Ltd who supplied machinery to Rowntree & Co.

⁸² Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XVI, 1118–1127Google Scholar for Balfour's speech on the HofL's veto.

⁸³ The St James's Vestry Hall (Westminster) Bill proposed allowing Westminster Council to buy out the Rector of St James's right to use the vestry hall on certain occasions and to give him permission to use the proceeds to build a mission hall in the churchyard. The bill was defeated 183–64, with A.S.R. voting in the majority. Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XVI, 1007–1024.Google Scholar

⁸⁴ Margot Asquith (1864–1945), second wife of H.H. Asquith.

⁸⁵ Hon. Richard Douglas Denman (1876–1957), Lib MP Carlisle January 1910–1918, Lab. (Nat. Lab. from 1931) MP Central Leeds 1929–1945; 2nd Church Estates Commissioner 1931–1943; Bt 1945.

⁸⁶ Lucy Violet Hodgkin (1869–1954), daughter of prominent Quaker, Thomas Hodgkin. Writer and traveller, visited Australia and New Zealand in 1909.

⁸⁷ Lady Anna Maria Heywood Barlow (1873–1965), sister of Hon. Richard Denman; convert to Quakerism c. 1911, virtually continuous member Meeting for Sufferings and Peace Cttee 1914–1965; Lib. cand. High Peak 1922, Ilkeston 1924; m. 1895 Sir John Emmott Barlow (1857–1932) Quaker and Lib. MP Frome 1892–1895, 1896–1918; Bt 1907.

⁸⁸ Hilda Runciman (nee Stevenson) (1869–1956), m. 1898 Walter Runciman, Lib. MP St Ives 1928–1929.

⁸⁹ Charles Edward Henry Hobhouse (1862–1941), Lib. MP East Wiltshire 1892–1895, East Bristol 1900–1918; 2nd Church Estates Commissioner 1906–1907, US India Office 1907–1908, Fin. Sec. to Treasury 1908–1911, Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1911–1914, Postmaster-Gen. 1914–1915; succ. as 4th Bt 1916.

⁹⁰ Sir John Allsebrook Simon (1873–1954), Lib. MP Walthamstow 1906–1918, Spen Valley 1922–1940 (Lib. Nat. from 1931); Solicitor-Gen. 1910–1913, Attorney-Gen. 1913–1915, Home Sec. 1915–1916, 1935–1937, Foreign Sec. 1931–1935, Chanc, of Exchequer 1937–1940, Ld Chanc. 1940–1945, Leader Lib. Nat. Party 1931–1940; kt. 1910, cr. Vt Simon 1940.

⁹¹ Royal Commission on Divorce and Matrimonial Causes, 1909–1912.

⁹² Arthur Stevenson, s. of James Stevenson, chemical manufacturer and Lib. MP South Shields 1868–1895.

⁹³ Oscar Rowntree (1879–1947), s. of Joseph Rowntree, Dir. Rowntree & Co.; elected to York Council 1905 for Castlegate ward, Ld Mayor 1926; Treasurer York Liberal Association.

⁹⁴ Sir George Stegmann Gibb (1850–1925), prominent dir. of various railway companies. Friend of the Rowntrees from his days in York as Gen. Manager NER 1891–1906; kt. 1904.

⁹⁵ Roger Eliot Fry (1866–1934), art critic and painter; Joan Mary Fry (1862–1955). Members of the Quaker chocolate-manufacturing family from Bristol and children of Sir Edward Fry.

⁹⁶ Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1874–1965), Con. MP (Lib. from 1904) Oldham 1900 1906, NW Manchester 1906–1908, Dundee 1908–1922; Con. MP Epping 1924–1945, Woodford 1945–1964; US Colonies 1905–1908, Pres. Bd of Trade 1908–1910, Home Sec. 1910–1911, First Ld of Admiralty 1911–1915, 1939–1940, Chanc. Duchy of Lancaster 1915, Min. of Munitions 1917–1919, Sec. of State for War 1919–1921, Sec. of State for Colonies 1921–1922, Chanc, of Exchequer 1924–1929, Prime Minister 1940–1945, 1951–1955, Leader Con. Party 1940–1955; KG 1953. Churchill spoke to the British Association for Labour Legislation on his work to promote trades boards and labour exchanges and on future plans for unemployment insurance.

⁹⁷ Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XVI, 1127–1141Google Scholar. The speech was on Commons-Lords relations.

⁹⁸ Thomas Appleton, Quaker; factory manager (later Dir.) at Rowntree & Co.

⁹⁹ Joseph Crossland, Sec. Sales Cttee at Rowntree and Co.

¹⁰⁰ George Cadbury (1839–1922), partner in Cadbury Bros from 1861, Chmn 1899–1922; Chmn, Bd of Dirs Daily News, 1901–1911.Google Scholar

¹⁰¹ In 1910 the Cadburys and Rowntrees were being severely criticized in the Con. press (especially The Spectator) for continuing to print betting news in their London evening paper, the Star.

¹⁰² Isaac Braithwaite (1844–1929), Warden of Woodbrooke 1907 1914, and his wife Mary Snowden Braithwaite (nee Thomas) (1850–1931), American Quaker.

¹⁰³ Woodbrooke; Quaker adult education college in Birmingham set up by the Cadburys in 1903. A.S.R. was on the governing Council and wrote a history of the college in 1923.

¹⁰⁴ William Beveridge (1879–1963), social investigator; Dir. Lab. Exchanges, Bd of Trade 1909–1916, Ministry of Food 1916–1919; Dir. London School of Economics 1919–1937, Master of University College, Oxford, 1937–1945; author of Beveridge Report (1942); Lib. MP Berwick 1944–1945; KCB 1919, er. Ld Beveridge 1946.

¹⁰⁵ George V (1865–1936), Prince of Wales 1901–1910, King 1910–1936.

¹⁰⁶ When Parliament reassembled on 9 June 1910, Asquith proposed and Balfour accepted a Constitutional Conference to try and agree on reform of the Lords and so spare the new King, George V, a constitutional crisis.

¹⁰⁷ The Parliamentary Franchise (Women) Bill (or ‘Conciliation Bill’) would have granted a vote to all women who possessed a household qualification or a £10 occupation qualification. Many Liberals feared this would enfranchise only wealthy women and opposed the measure. Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XIX, 211–228Google Scholar for the speeches by McLaren and Churchill.

¹⁰⁸ Walter Stowe Bright McLaren (1853–1912), Lib. MP Crewe 1886–1895, April 1910–1912; nephew of John Bright and leading Lib. suffragist; nominal Quaker.

¹⁰⁹ Gertrude Sophia Taylor (1863–1950), sister of A.S.R.; m. 1898 Frederic Taylor, bro. of E.E. Taylor.

¹¹⁰ Lady Dorothea Gibb (nee Garrett-Smith), m. 1881 Sir George Gibb.

¹¹¹ The ‘second vote’ on whether the Conciliation Bill should proceed to a Cttee of the Whole House ended its chances of success and showed a large majority against of 320–175. Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XIX, 329–334.Google Scholar

¹¹² Bertram Fothergill Crosfield (1882–1951), Quaker; Manager Daily News, Managing Dir. News Chronicle 1930–1951Google Scholar; m. 1910 Eleanor Cadbury (1885–1959), daughter of George Cadbury. The amalgamation discussed was that of the Morning Leader and Daily News.

¹¹³ Alexander Frederick Whyte (1883–1970), Lib. MP Perth January 1910–1918; PPS Winston Churchill 1910–1915; kt. 1922.

¹¹⁴ Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XIX, 386–407Google Scholar on the work of the Bd of Education.

¹¹⁵ Ibid., 375–376 on the business of the House.

¹¹⁶ Ibid., 1302–1311.

¹¹⁷ Shipley Neave Brayshaw (1871–1957), Quaker businessman, founder of Brayshaw Furnaces and Tools of Stockport.

¹¹⁸ Sydney Charles Buxton (1853–1934), Lib. MP Peterborough 1883–1885, Poplar 1886–1914; US Colonies 1892–1895, Postmaster-Gen. 1905–1910, Pres. Bd of Trade 1910–1914, Gov.-Gen. S. Africa 1914–20; cr. Vt Buxton 1914, Earl 1920.

¹¹⁹ NER strike; a local dispute in Newcastle and Sunderland, 18–22 July 1910.

¹²⁰ Hansard, 5th series, 1910, XIX, 1343–1354Google Scholar. Among a number of progressive measures Churchill announced solitary confinement would usually be reduced to one month.

¹²¹ Sidney (1859–1947) arid Beatrice (1858–1943) Webb, Fabians, social investigators and originators of the Minority Report of the Royal Commission on the Poor Law (1909).

¹²² Home of A.S.R. in York 1906–1939.

¹²³ The Ld Mayor of York in 1908–1910 was Alderman James Birch, a Tory plumber. His brother, Frederick Birch, was Con. councillor for Castlegate.

¹²⁴ Dr Sanderson Long, Con. councillor Micklegate ward 1908–1911.

¹²⁵ Alderman Carter, Tory butcher and the senior alderman who had not yet been Ld Mayor. He eventually got the job.

¹²⁶ Sir Edward Fry (1827–1918), prominent Quaker; High Court judge 1877–1883, Ld Justice of Appeal 1883–1892; on Permanent Court of International Arbitration at The Hague 1900–1912; GCB 1907. He objected to betting news being carried in the Star.

¹²⁷ Henry Stanley Newman (1837–1912), Quaker provisions dealer from Leominster, with long service on Meeting for Sufferings and as Hon. Sec. of Friends' Foreign Mission Association; Ed. the Friend 1892–1912Google Scholar; father of George Newman.

¹²⁸ Sir Thomas Palmer Whittaker (1850–1919), Lib. MP Spen Valley 1892–1919; kt. 1906.

¹²⁹ The conferences agreed that the Morning Leader and Daily News would amalgamate and the new paper would share its printing facilities with the Star. The Cadburys would own both papers outright.

¹³⁰ Helen Winifred Sturge (1866–1941), Headmistress, the Mount School, York 1902–1926.

¹³¹ Henry Joseph Wilson (1833–1914), not formally a Quaker, but a regular attender at Meetings; Lib. MP Holmfirth 1885–1912 and leading figure in Sheffield Liberalism. The Sheffield Independent had been saved from extinction in 1909 with money from A.S.R. and J.B. Morrell.

¹³² Alexander Ure (1853–1928), Lib. MP Linlithgow 1895–1913; Scottish Solicitor-Gen. 1905–1909, Ld Advocate 1909–1913, Ld Justice Gen. 1913–1920; cr. Ld Strathclyde 1914; fanatical proponent of the Single Tax.

¹³³ Bertha Morrell (1877–1954), wife of J.B. Morrell and daughter of Robert Spence Watson (1837–1911), Quaker solicitor from Newcastle and Pres. Nat. Lib. Federation 1890–1902.

¹³⁴ Florence Greenwood, sister of Hamar Greenwood.

¹³⁵ Arthur Duncan Naish (1881–1936), Works Manager Rowntree & Co. and bro. of Constance, widow of John Wilhelm Rowntree. Winifred Naish (1884–1915), m. A.D. Naish and daugher of Joseph Rowntree.

¹³⁶ Leopold Charles Maurice Stennett Amery (1873–1955), Con. MP Birmingham South 1911–1918, Sparkbrook 1918–1945; US Colonies 1919–1921, P & F Sec. Admiralty 1921–1922, First Ld of Admiralty 1922–1924, Sec. of State Colonies 1924–1929, Sec. of State India 1940–1945.

¹³⁷ Thomas Robinson Ferens (1847–1930), chemical manufacturer and Lib. MP East Hull 1906–1918; never made a speech in House of Commons. Ettie Ferens (nee Field) (d. 1922), m. 1873 T.R. Ferens. The National Liberal Federation Annual Conference was in Hull on 25 November 1910.

¹³⁸ Hansard, 5th series, 1910, VI, 684–691Google Scholar. Ld Lansdowne, leader of the Con. peers, made a very conciliatory speech on reform of the HofL, which temporarily raised hopes of agreement.

¹³⁹ Asquith announced the dissolution of Park on 18 November 1910. On 16 November, he had received guarantees from George V that the King would create sufficient peers to pass a bill reforming the HofL if the Libs won the election.

¹⁴⁰ Demonstration outside the Commons by the Womens Social and Political Union. It led to 119 arrests and accusations of heavy-handed tactics by the police.

¹⁴¹ Yorkshire Herald, 23 11 1910Google Scholar announced that there would only be one Lib. and one Con. candidate for the two York seats.