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Use of legume green manures as nitrogen sources for corn production

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2011

Matt Liebman ,
Rhonda L. Graef ,
Daniel Nettleton  and
Cynthia A. Cambardella
Matt Liebman*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Rhonda L. Graef
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Daniel Nettleton
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, 2115 Snedecor Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Cynthia A. Cambardella
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
*
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
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Abstract

Recent volatility in supplies and prices of natural gas and synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer suggests a need to develop and refine alternative strategies for supplying N to corn. In this study, conducted in north-eastern Iowa, we examined the use of red clover and alfalfa green manures as means of supplying N to a succeeding corn crop. Red clover intercropped with oat produced significantly more biomass and contained more N than alfalfa intercropped with oat. Tilling green manures in the fall or delaying tillage until the following spring did not have a consistent effect on green manure N content. Without N fertilizer, corn grain yield following oat–red clover and oat–alfalfa was 25–63% greater than following oat grown alone, but at the highest fertilizer rate (202 kg N ha−1), there was no difference in corn yield between oat–legume and oat-alone treatments. These patterns support the premise that legume green manure effects on corn yield were N-related. Red clover green manure had an N fertilizer replacement value for corn of 87–184 kg N ha−1; alfalfa supplied corn with the equivalent of 70–121 kg N ha−1. At a fossil energy cost for N fertilizer of 57 MJ kg−1 N, reducing synthetic N fertilizer applications to corn by 70–184 kg N ha−1 would represent a fossil fuel savings of 3990–10,488 MJ ha−1, equivalent to the energy content of 104–274 m3 of natural gas. These types of savings are likely to become increasingly important as fossil energy supplies become scarcer and fertilizer prices rise.

Keywords

alfalfacorn production systemslegume green manurenitrogen fertilizer replacement valuered clover
Type
Research Papers
Information
Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems , Volume 27 , Issue 3 , September 2012 , pp. 180 - 191
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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