Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T08:28:10.101Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The evil-god challenge: extended and defended

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 March 2018

JOHN M. COLLINS*
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, 27858, USA

Abstract

Stephen Law developed a challenge to theism, known as the evil-god challenge (Law (2010) ). The evil-god challenge to theism is to explain why the theist's responses to the problem of evil are any better than the diabolist's – who believes in a supremely evil god – rejoinders to the problem of good, when all the theist's ploys (theodicy, sceptical theism, etc.) can be parodied by the diabolist.

In the first part of this article, I extend the evil-god challenge by showing that additional theist replies to the problem of evil (more theodicies, the privation view of evil, and others) also may be appropriated, with just as much plausibility, in support of the diabolist position. In the second part of the article, I defend the evil-god challenge against several objections.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, Robert Merrihew (1972) ‘Must God create the best?’, The Philosophical Review, 81, 317332.Google Scholar
Anglin, Bill & Goetz, Stewart (1982) ‘Evil is privation’, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 13, 312.Google Scholar
Aquinas, Saint Thomas (1264/1945) Summa Contra Gentiles, in Basic Writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas, II, Pegis, A. C. (ed.) & Shapcote, L. (tr.) (New York: Random House), 3224.Google Scholar
Aquinas, Saint Thomas (1272/1945) Summa Theologiae, in Basic Writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas, II, Pegis, A. C. (ed.) & Shapcote, L. (tr.) (New York: Random House), 2251121.Google Scholar
Augustine (421/1955) Enchiridion, Outler, A. C. (ed. & tr.) (London: Westminster Press).Google Scholar
Augustine (396/1974) The Writings against the Manichaeans and against the Donatists, Stothert, R. (ed. & tr.) (Grand Rapids MI: Eerdsman Publishing Co.).Google Scholar
Cahn, Steven (1976) ‘Cacodaemony’, Analysis, 37, 6973.Google Scholar
Calder, Todd (2007) ‘Is the privation theory of evil dead?’, American Philosophical Quarterly, 44, 371381.Google Scholar
Daniels, Charles (1997) ‘God, demon, good, evil’, Journal of Value Inquiry, 31, 177181.Google Scholar
Fantl, Jeremy & McGrath, Matthew (2012) Knowledge in an Uncertain World (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Foot, Philippa (1972) ‘Morality as a system of hypothetical imperatives’, The Philosophical Review, 81, 305316.Google Scholar
Forrest, Peter (2012) ‘Replying to the anti-God challenge: a God without character acts well’, Religious Studies, 48, 3543.Google Scholar
Howsepian, A. A. (1991) ‘Is God necessarily good?’, Religious Studies, 27, 473489.Google Scholar
Ichikawa, Jonathan Jenkins & Steup, Matthias (2017) ‘The analysis of knowledge’, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, <https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/knowledge-analysis/>..>Google Scholar
Kane, Robert (1980) ‘Evil and privation’, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 11, 4358.Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel (1785/1969) Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Wolff, R. P. (ed.) & Beck, L. W. (tr.) (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co.).Google Scholar
Koons, Jeremy (2010) ‘Natural evil as test of faith in the Abrahamic traditions’, Sophia, 49, 1528.Google Scholar
Law, Stephen (2010) ‘The evil-god challenge’, Religious Studies, 46, 353373.Google Scholar
Leibniz, Gottfried (1710/1985) Theodicy, Farrer, A. (ed.) & Huggard, E. M. (tr.) (LaSalle IL: Open Court Press).Google Scholar
Levi, Primo (1989) The Drowned and the Saved (New York: Random House).Google Scholar
Madden, Edward & Hare, Peter (1968) Evil and the Concept of God (Springfield IL: C. Thomas).Google Scholar
Miller, Calum (2016) ‘Is theism a simple hypothesis? The simplicity of omni-properties’, Religious Studies, 52, 4561.Google Scholar
Millican, Peter (1989) ‘The devil's advocate’, Cogito, 3, 193207.Google Scholar
Morriston, Wesley (2004) ‘The evidential argument from goodness’, The Southern Journal of Philosophy, 42, 87101.Google Scholar
Murphree, Wallace (1997) ‘Natural theology: theism or antitheism’, Sophia, 36, 7583.Google Scholar
New, Christopher (1993) ‘Antitheism’, Ratio 6, 3643.Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1887/1967) Genealogy of Morals and Ecce Homo, Kaufmann, W. (ed. & tr.) (New York: Random House).Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich (1889/1968) Twilight of the Idols/The Anti-Christ, Hollingdale, R. J. (ed. & tr.) (London: Penguin Press).Google Scholar
Reichenbach, Bruce (1980) ‘Why is God good?’, The Journal of Religion, 60, 5166.Google Scholar
Reichenbach, Bruce (2014) ‘Good and God revisited: a case for contingency’, Philosophia Christi, 16, 319338.Google Scholar
Schopenhauer, Arthur (1850/2004) On the Suffering of the World, Hollingdale, R. J. (ed. & tr.) (London: Penguin Press).Google Scholar
Scrutton, Anastasia Philippa (2016) ‘Why not believe in an evil God? Pragmatic encroachment and some implications for philosophy of religion’, Religious Studies, 52, 345360.Google Scholar
Sider, Theodore (2002) ‘Hell and vagueness’, Faith and Philosophy, 19, 5868.Google Scholar
Stein, Edward (1990) ‘God, the demon, and the status of theodicies’, American Philosophical Quarterly, 27, 163167.Google Scholar
Swinburne, Richard (2001) ‘Some major strands of theodicy’, in Rowe, W. (ed.) God and the problem of evil (Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing), 240264.Google Scholar
Swinburne, Richard (2004) The Existence of God (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Weaver, Christopher Gregory (2015) ‘Evilism, moral rationalism, and reasons internalism’, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion, 77, 324.Google Scholar