Weight misperception has been reported as a common problem in high-income countries, but there is a paucity of high quality empirical evidence in low- and middle-income countries, especially among children and adolescents. This study estimates the prevalence of weight misperception and investigates changes over time among children and adolescents in China, as well as identify factors which may affect this weight misperception.

The China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), which is a repeated, representative cross-sectional study employing multistage random cluster processes.

A Chinese national survey across 15 provinces and municipal cities.

Data from with children and adolescents aged 6-16 years from six consecutive waves of between 2000 and 2015 were included.

The final sample totaled 7,110 children and adolescents. The overall prevalence of weight misperception was largely stable between 2000 and 2015 (range: 34.1% to 37.3%). Sex and age group were associated with weight misperception, with boys and younger participants more likely to misperceive their weight status. In addition, dieting and being physically active or inactive was associated with increased rates of weight misperception.

Weight misperception is common among youth in China, and unequally shared with several subpopulations at increased risk. Researchers and health promotors are called to recognize weight misperception when addressing overweight and obesity countermeasures, and more tailored public health initiatives are warranted to more effectively reach those with weight misperceptions.