Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T11:10:16.512Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Short stature and hypertension in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Rosely Sichieri ,
Kamile Santos Siqueira ,
Rosangela Alves Pereira  and
Alberto Ascherio
Rosely Sichieri*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua S. Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil:
Kamile Santos Siqueira
Affiliation:
Departamento de Epidemiologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua S. Francisco Xavier, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil:
Rosangela Alves Pereira
Affiliation:
Instituto de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ave M Trompovisky, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil:
Alberto Ascherio
Affiliation:
Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, USA.
*
*Corresponding author: Email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Objective

Stature is a powerful indicator of poor nutrition early in life in nations where undernutrition is a public health problem. Hypertension in adults has been associated with factors present early in life such as low birth weight. We tested the hypothesis that short stature is associated with hypertension among adults.

Design and setting

A household survey of representative adults in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil was carried out in 1996.

Subjects

Blood pressure and anthropometric measures were collected from 2802 adults in their own households. Prevalence estimates and modelling incorporated the sample design and weights.

Results

Age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension for both sexes was lower in the third quartile of stature distribution. In women, but not in men, the odds ratio comparing the first quartile of stature with the fourth quartile was statistically significant with an odds ratio of 1.68 (95% CI 1.02–2.76). Adjusting for known risk factors for hypertension such as age, income, smoking, sodium and alcohol intake and race, the association among women, comparing the first with the fourth quartile for stature, was 1.84 (95% CI 1.03–3.30). With further adjustment for residual of weight on height the ratio reduced to 1.76 (95% CI 0.97–3.19, P value of trend = 0.03). Systolic blood pressure showed a U-shaped association with quartiles of stature, mainly among women, with a β-coefficient significantly lower at the third quartile.

Conclusions

This association of stature with hypertension supports the theory of an important ontogenetic dependence of adult blood pressure, at least among women.

Keywords

StatureRaceBrazilian adultsHypertensionObesityPopulationPrevalence
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 3 , Issue 1 , March 2000 , pp. 77 - 82
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2000

References

1Taittonen, L, Nuutinen, M, Turtinen, J, Uhari, M.Prenatal and postnatal factors in predicting later blood pressure among children – cardiovascular risk in young Finns. Pediatr. Res. 1996; 40(4): 627–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Barker, D, Osmond, C, Golding, J, Kuh, D, Wadsworth, ME. Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease. BMJ 1989; 298: 564–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3Launer, LJ, Hofman, A, Grobbee, DE. Relation between birth weight and blood pressure: longitudinal study of infants and children. BMJ 1993; 308: 1074–7.Google Scholar
4Law, CM, Swiet, M, Osmond, C.Initiation of hypertension in utero and its amplification throughout life. BMJ 1993; 306: 24–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5Low birth weight and blood pressure at age 7–11 years in a biracial sample. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1997; 145: 387–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Williams, S, George, IM, Silva, PA. Intra-uterine growth retardation and blood pressure at age seven and eighteen. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1992; 45: 1257–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Eveleth, PB, Tanner, JM. Worldwide Variation in Human Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
8Takahashi, E.Secular trend in milk consumption and growth in Japan. Hum. Biol. 1984; 56: 427–37.Google ScholarPubMed
9Siervogel, RM, Roche, AF, Guo, S, Muklerjee, D, Chumlea, C.Patterns of change in weight/stature from 2 to 18 years: findings from long term serial data for children in the Fels longitudinal growth study. Int. J. Obes. 1991; 15: 479–85.Google Scholar
10Ruel, MT, Habicht, JP, Rasmussen, KM, Martorell, R.Screening for nutrition interventions: the risk or the differential-benefit approach?. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996; 63: 671–7 .CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11Herbert, PR, Rich-Edwards, JW, Manson, JE. Height and incidence of cardiovascular disease in male physicians. Circulation 1993; 88(1): 1437–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Rich-Edwards, JW, Manson, JE, Stampfer, MJ, et al. Height and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1995; 142(9): 909–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Kannam, JP, Levy, D, Larson, M, Wilson, PWF. Short stature and risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease events. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1994; 90(5): 2241–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14Parker, DR, Lapane, KL, Lasater, TM, Carleton, RA. Short stature and cardiovascular disease among men and women from two southeastern New England communities. Int. J. Epidemiol. 1998; 27: 970–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15Liao, Y, McGee, DL, Cao, G, Cooper, RS. Short stature and risk of mortality and cardiovascular disease: negative findings from NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1996; 27(3): 678–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16Cox, BD, Wichelow, MJ, Ashwell, M, Prevost, AT, Lejeune SRE (1997) Association of anthropometric indices with elevated blood pressure in British adults. Int. J. Obes. 1997; 21(8): 674–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Cook, NR, Gillman, MW, Rosner, BA, Taylor, JO, Hennekens, CH. Prediction of young adult blood pressure from childhood blood pressure, height, and weight. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 1997; 50(50): 571–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18Daniels, ST, Obarzanek, E, Barton, BA, Kimm, SY, Similo, SL, Morrison, JA. Sexual maturation and racial differences in blood pressure in girls. J. Pediatr. 1996; 129(2): 208–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Dyer, AR, Elliot, P, Shipley, M.Body mass index versus height and weight in relation to blood pressure. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1990; 131: 589–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Kahn, HS. Re: Body mass index versus height and weight in relation to blood pressure (Letter to the editor). Am. J. Epidemiol. 1990; 133: 511–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Instituto Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição (INAN). Perfil de Crescimento da População Brasileira de 0 a 25 Anos. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 1990.Google Scholar
22 National High Blood Pressure Education Program, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. NIH Publication No. 98–4080. 1997.Google Scholar
23Sichieri, R, Everhart, JE. Validity of a Brazilian food frequency questionnaire against dietary recalls and estimated energy intake. Nutr. Rev. 1998; 18(18): 1649–59.Google Scholar
24 Software for Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN) version 5.40. Research Triangle Institute, North Carolina, 1991.Google Scholar
25Willett, W. Nutritional Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Barker, DJP, Gluckman, PD, Godfrey, KM, Harding, JE, Owens, JA, Robinson, JS. Fetal nutrition and cardiovascular disease in adult life. Lancet 1993; 341: 938–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27Stanner, AS, Bulmer, K, Andrès, C.Does malnutrition in utero determine diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood? Results from the Leningrad siege study. BMJ 1997; 315: 1342–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28Safar, ME, London, GM. Association of height and risk of myocardial infarction in women. Circulation 1995; 91(11): 2853–4.Google ScholarPubMed
29Loop, FD, Golding, LR, Macmillan, JP, Cosgrove, DM, Lytle, BW, Sheldon, WC. Coronary artery surgery in women compared with men: analyses of risks and long-term results. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1983; 1: 383–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30Brown, DC, Byrne, CD, Clark, PM. Height and glucose tolerance in adults subjects. Diabetologia 1991; 34(34): 531–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Lithell, HO, McKeigue, PM, Berglund, L, Mohsen, R, Lithell, U, Leon, DA. Relation of size at birth to non-insulin dependent diabetes and insulin concentrations in men aged 50–60 years. BMJ 1996; 312(7028): 406–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32Reaven, GM. Pathophysiology of insulin resistance in human disease. Physiol. Rev. 1995; 75: 473–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33Frisancho, AR. Anthropometric Standards for the Assessment of Growth and Nutritional Status. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar