Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T13:39:25.200Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A method to compensate for incomplete 24-hour urine collections in nutritional epidemiology studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Gunnar Johansson ,
Sheila Bingham  and
Marie Vahter
Gunnar Johansson*
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Umeå, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
Sheila Bingham
Affiliation:
MRC Dunn Clinical Nutrition Centre, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2DH, UK
Marie Vahter
Affiliation:
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
*
*Corresponding author: Email [email protected]
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Objective:

To develop a method to make use of incomplete 24-hour urinary samples in nutritional epidemiology, especially when validating the dietary intake of nitrogen (protein), sodium and potassium.

Design:

Urinary data for men and women collected in three different studies were evaluated. The concentration of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in one 24-hour urine sample per person was compared with the concentrations of nitrogen, sodium, potassium and creatinine.

Setting:

Men and women living in Cambridge, UK and women living in the town of Varberg, Sweden.

Subjects:

In total, this study consists of data from 73 Swedish women (20–50 years of age), 165 UK women (50–65 years) and 75 UK men (55–88 years).

Results:

On average four out of 10 people in this study had a PABA recovery below 85%. The linear regression equations for urinary excretion of nitrogen, sodium and potassium in relation to PABA recovery were y = 2.3 + 0.088 * x (r = 0.99), y = 45 + 0.82 * x (r = 0.87) and y = 19 + 0.60 * x (r = 0.93), respectively.

Conclusions:

The linear regression equations can be used for adjusting urinary nitrogen, sodium and potassium in urinary collections in cases where the PABA recovery is below 85%. Since it is common to obtain 24-hour urine collections with a PABA recovery below 85%, this method should increase the usefulness of biological markers of food intake in nutritional epidemiological studies and also increase the possibilities to study people that previously have been part of the drop-out group or the group with low motivation and cooperation. It is important to stress that we have not studied the relationship between PABA recovery and various urinary variables below the PABA recovery of 50%. Thus, in a case of PABA recovery below 50%, we do not recommend the use of this method to compensate for incomplete collections.

Keywords

Dietary assessmentValidationUrinary nitrogenSodium and potassium excretionNutritional epidemiology
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , April 1999 , pp. 587 - 591
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 1999

References

1: Bingham, S, Cummings, JH. Urine nitrogen as an independent validatory measure of dietary intake: a study of nitrogen balance in individuals consuming their normal diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1985; 42: 1276–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2: Bingham, SA. The use of 24-h urine samples and energy expenditure to validate dietary assessments. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994; 59: S227–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3: Bingham, S, Cummings, JH. The use of 4-aminobenzoic acid as a marker to validate the completeness of 24 h urine collections in man. Clin. Sci. 1983; 64: 629–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4: Jakobsen, J, Ovesen, L, Fagt, S, Pedersen, AN. Para-aminobenzoic acid used as a marker for completeness of 24 hour urine: assessment of control limits for a specific HPLC method. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997; 51: 514–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5: Vahter, M, Berglund, M, Nermell, B, Åkesson, A. Bioavailability of cadmium from shellfish and mixed diet in women. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1996; 136: 332–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6: Bingham, SA, Gill, C, Welch, A, et al. Comparison of dietary assessment methods in nutritional epidemiology: weighed records v. 24-h recalls, food-frequency questionnaires and estimated-diet records. Br. J. Nutr. 1994; 72: 619–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7: Black, AE, Bingham, SA, Johansson, G, Coward, WA. Validation of dietary intakes of protein and energy against 24 hour urinary N and DLW energy expenditure in middle-aged women, retired men and post-obese subjects: comparison with validation against presumed energy requirements. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1997; 51: 405–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8: Hare, R. Endogenous creatinine serum and urine. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1950; 74: 148–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9: Johansson, G, Åkesson, A, Berglund, M, Nermell, B, Vahter, M. Validation with biological markers for food intake of a dietary assessment method used by Swedish women with three different dietary preferences. Public Health Nutr. 1998; 1(3): 199–206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10: Knuiman, JT, Hautvast, JGAJ, Van der Heyden, L, et al. A multi-centre study on completeness of urine collection in 11 European centres. Hum. Nutr. Clin. Nutr. 1986; 40C: 229–37.Google Scholar
11: Bingham, SA, Murphy, J, Waller, E, et al. Para-amino benzoic acid in the assessment of completeness of 24-hour urine collections from hospital outpatients and the effect of impaired renal function. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1992; 46: 131–5.Google ScholarPubMed
12: Papper, S. The effect of age in reducing renal function. Geriatrics 1973; 28(5): 83–7.Google ScholarPubMed