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Food, youth and the Mediterranean diet in Spain. Development of KIDMED, Mediterranean Diet Quality Index in children and adolescents

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Lluís Serra-Majem ,
Lourdes Ribas ,
Joy Ngo ,
Rosa M Ortega ,
Alicia García ,
Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo  and
Javier Aranceta
Lluís Serra-Majem*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, PO Box 550, E-35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Foundation for the Advancement of the Mediterranean Diet, Community Nutrition Research Centre, University of Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
Lourdes Ribas
Affiliation:
Foundation for the Advancement of the Mediterranean Diet, Community Nutrition Research Centre, University of Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
Joy Ngo
Affiliation:
Foundation for the Advancement of the Mediterranean Diet, Community Nutrition Research Centre, University of Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
Rosa M Ortega
Affiliation:
Department of Nutrition, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Alicia García
Affiliation:
Foundation for the Advancement of the Mediterranean Diet, Community Nutrition Research Centre, University of Barcelona Science Park, Barcelona, Spain
Carmen Pérez-Rodrigo
Affiliation:
Community Nutrition Unit, Bilbao City Council, Bilbao, Spain
Javier Aranceta
Affiliation:
Community Nutrition Unit, Bilbao City Council, Bilbao, Spain
*
*Corresponding author: Email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Objective:

To evaluate dietary habits in Spanish children and adolescents based on a Mediterranean Diet Quality Index tool, which considers certain principles sustaining and challenging traditional healthy Mediterranean dietary patterns.

Design:

Observational population-based cross-sectional study. A 16-item Mediterranean Diet Quality Index was included in data gathered for the EnKid study (in which two 24-hour recalls, a quantitative 169-item food-frequency questionnaire and a general questionnaire about socio-economic, demographic and lifestyle items were administered).

Setting:

Spain.

Subjects:

In total, 3850 children and youths aged 2–24 years residing in Spain.

Results:

Of the sample, 4.2% showed very low KIDMED index results, 49.4% had intermediate values and 46.4% had high index results. Important geographical differences were seen, with subjects from the Northeast showing the most favourable outcomes (52% with elevated scores vs. 37.5% of those from the North). Lower percentages of high diet quality were observed in low socio-economic groups, compared with middle and upper income cohorts (42.8%, 47.6% and 54.9%, respectively). Large cities had more positive results and only slight variations were seen for gender and age.

Conclusions:

The KIDMED index, the first to evaluate the adequacy of Mediterranean dietary patterns in children and youth, confirms that this collective is undergoing important changes, which makes them a priority target for nutrition interventions. Results challenge certain commonly perceived notions tied to income level, population size and diet quality.

Keywords

Dietary habitsMediterranean dietChildrenSpainDeterminants
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 7 , Issue 7 , October 2004 , pp. 931 - 935
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2004

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