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Defining nutritional status of women in developing countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2007

Penelope Nestel  and
Shea Rutstein
Penelope Nestel
Affiliation:
Demographic and Health Surveys, Macro International Inc., 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705, USA
Shea Rutstein*
Affiliation:
Demographic and Health Surveys, Macro International Inc., 11785 Beltsville Drive, Calverton, MD 20705, USA
*
*Corresponding author: Email [email protected]
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Abstract

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Objective:

To define a de facto reference body mass index (BMI) for women in developing countries and compare its performance with the Quetelet BMI.

Design:

A logarithmic equation for elite wt/ht references was developed using the weight (wt) and height (ht) of 10 524 non-pregnant elite mothers. Functional outcomes were compared using both BMIs.

Setting:

Forty-six national surveys from 36 developing countries.

Subjects:

Mothers 15–49 years old.

Results:

The de facto reference standard deviation showed 2.2% of elite women were undernourished and 6.3% overnourished; lower and upper limits for ‘ideal’ wt/ht were 73% and 137%, respectively. Compared with the age-based and medium frame standards of the First and Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES I & II), the de facto reference defined fewer women as undernourished (5.3% vs. 10.5% and 14.4%, respectively), but more as overnourished (20.4% vs. 13.7% and 15.9%, respectively). In the de facto reference, BMI=wt/ht1.6. Using the age-based and medium-frame-based Quetelet BMI (wt/ht2), 28.5% and 31.7% had a low and 13.0% and 14.7% a high BMI, respectively. For the de facto reference, 18.4% of the elite mothers had a low BMI and 19.3% a high BMI. Applying the de facto reference to all women showed that the distribution of BMI was similar irrespective of the reference used. Functional outcomes were similar for both BMIs.

Conclusions:

The NHANES I & II growth curves define more women as overnourished than the de facto curve, but the opposite for defining the undernourished. Functional outcomes were similar for both BMIs, suggesting there is no great advantage to using a de facto BMI based on national-level data from these 46 national surveys.

Keywords

Body mass indexAnthropometric referencesWomenDeveloping countriesPregnancy outcomeMortality ratesBirth size
Type
Research Article
Information
Public Health Nutrition , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , February 2002 , pp. 17 - 27
Copyright
Copyright © CABI Publishing 2002

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