Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-05T14:58:32.085Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

On a Test of Dimensionality in Redundancy Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2025

Yoshio Takane*
Affiliation:
McGill University
Heungsun Hwang
Affiliation:
HEC Montreal
*
Requests for reprints should be sent to Yoshio Takane, Department of Psychology, McGill Universty, 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave., Montreal, QC H3A 1B1 Canada. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Lazraq and Cléroux (Psychometrika, 2002, 411–419) proposed a test for identifying the number of significant components in redundancy analysis. This test, however, is ill-conceived. A major problem is that it regards each redundancy component as if it were a single observed predictor variable, which cannot be justified except for the rare situations in which there is only one predictor variable. Consequently, the proposed test leads to drastically biased results, particularly when the number of predictor variables is large, and it cannot be recommended for use. This is shown both theoretically and by Monte Carlo studies.

Type
Original Paper
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 The Psychometric Society

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

The work reported in this paper was supported by Grant A6394 to the first author from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

References

Anderson, T.W. (1951). Estimating linear restrictions on regression coefficients for multivariate normal distributions. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 22, 327351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartlett, M.S. (1951). The goodness of fit of a single hypothetical discriminant function in the case of several groups. Annals of Eugenics, 16, 199214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
ter Braak, C.J.F., & Šmilauer, P. (1998). CANOCO Reference Manual and User’s Guide to Canoco for Windows: Software for Canonical Community Ordination (version 4). Ithaka N. Y.: Microcomputer Power.Google Scholar
Horn, J.L. (1965). A rationale and the test of the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179185.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lambert, Z.V., Wildt, A.R., & Durand, R.M. (1988). Redundancy analysis: An alternative to canonical correlation and multivariate multiple regression in exploring interset association. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 282289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lancaster, H.O. (1963). Canonical correlations and partitions of χ2. Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, 14, 220224.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazraq, A., & Cléroux, R. (1988). Un algorithme pas à pas de sélection de variables en régression linéaire multivariée [A stepwise variable selection algorithm in multivariate linear regression]. Statistique et Analyse des donnes, 13, 3958.Google Scholar
Lazraq, A., & Cléroux, R. (2002). Testing the significance of the successive components in redundancy analysis. Psychometrika, 67, 411419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legendre, P., & Legendre, L. (1998). Numerical Ecology Second English edition. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Legendre, P., & ter Braak, C.J.F. (in preparation). Partial canonical analysis, variation partitioning, and tests of significance of eigenvalues in redundancy analysis.Google Scholar
Rao, C.R. (1964). The use and interpretation of principal component analysis in applied research. Sankhya A, 26, 329358.Google Scholar
Reinsel, G.C., & Velu, R.P. (1998). Multivariate Reduced-rank Regression. New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takane, Y., & Hwang, H. (2002). Generalized constrained canonical correlation analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 37, 163195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takane, Y., van der Heijden, P.G.M., & Browne, M.W. (2003). On likelihood ratio tests for dimensionality selection. In Higuchi, T., Iba, Y., & Ishiguro, M. (Eds). Proceedings of Science of Modeling: The 30th Anniversary Meeting of the Information Criterion (AIC), (pp. 348349).Google Scholar
van den Wollenberg, A.L. (1977). Redundancy analysis An alternative for canonical correlation analysis. Psychometrika, 42, 207219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilks, S.S. (1938). The large-sample distriution of the likelihood ratio for testing composite hypotheses. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 9, 6062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar