Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:52:11.178Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Communicating Policy-Relevant Science

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2015

James N. Druckman
James N. Druckman*
Affiliation:
Northwestern University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Section II: Changing Incentives
Information
PS: Political Science & Politics , Volume 48 , Special Issue S1: Let’s Be Heard! How to Better Communicate Political Science’s Public Value , September 2015 , pp. 58 - 69
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Akerlof, Karen, Rowan, Katherine E., Fitzgerald, Dennis, and Cedeno, Andrew Y.. 2012. “Communication of Climate Projections in U.S. Media amid Politicization of Model Science.” Nature Climate Change 2 (September): 648–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allen, David T., Torres, Vincent M., Thomas, James, Sullivan, David W., Harrison, Matthew, Hendler, Al, Herndon, Scott C., et al. 2013. “Measurements of Methane Emissions at Natural Gas Production Sites in the United States.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (October): 17768–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Althaus, Scott. 2006. “False Starts, Dead Ends, and New Opportunities in Public Opinion Research.” Critical Review 18: 75–104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartels, Larry M. 1996. “Uninformed Votes: Information Effects in Presidential Elections.” American Journal of Political Science 40: 194–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartels, Larry M. 2002. “Beyond the Running Tally: Partisan Bias in Political Perceptions.” Political Behavior 24 (2): 117–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Begos, Kevin. 2014. “Some States Confirm Water Pollution from Drilling.” Associated Press Available at http://bigstory.ap.org/article/some-states-confirm-water-pollution-drilling (accessed January 5, 2014).Google Scholar
Bloom, Howard S. (ed.). 2005. Learning More from Social Experiments. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
Bohman, James. 1998. “Survey Article: The Coming Age of Deliberative Democracy.” Journal of Political Philosophy 6 (4): 400–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolsen, Toby, and Druckman, James N.. forthcoming. “Counteracting the Politicization of Science.” Journal of Communication .Google Scholar
Bolsen, Toby, Druckman, James N., and Cook, Fay Lomax. 2014a. “How Frames Can Undermine Support for Scientific Adaptations: Politicization and the Status Quo Bias.” Public Opinion Quarterly 76: 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bolsen, Toby, Druckman, James N., and Cook, Fay Lomax. 2014b. “The Influence of Partisan Motivated Reasoning on Public Opinion.” Political Behavior 36: 235–62.Google Scholar
Brewer, Paul R. 2008. Value War: Public Opinion and the Politics of Gay Rights. Lanham, MD: Rowan &Littlefield.Google Scholar
Bullock, John G. 2009. “Partisan Bias and the Bayesian Ideal in the Study of Public Opinion.” Journal of Politics 71 (3): 1109–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Donald T. 1969. “Reforms as Experiments.” American Psychologist 24 (April): 409–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, Donald T. 1991. “Methods for the Experimenting Society.” American Journal of Evaluation 12 (October): 223–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapp, Christopher B. 2012. Religious Rhetoric and American Politics: The Endurance of Civil Religion in Electoral Campaigns. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chong, Dennis, and Druckman, James N.. 2007. “Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies.” American Political Science Review 101: 637–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Claassen, Ryan L., and Nicholson, Stephen P.. 2013. “Extreme Voices.” Public Opinion Quarterly 77: 861–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cochran-Smith, Marilyn, Piazza, Peter, and Power, Christine. 2012. “The Politics of Accountability: Assessing Teacher Education in the United States.” The Educational Forum 77 (December): 6–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Converse, Philip E. 1964. “The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics.” In Ideology and Discontent, ed. Apter, David E.. 206–31. New York: Free Press pages.Google Scholar
Converse, Philip E. “Assessing the Capacity of Mass Electorates.” Annual Review of Political Science 3: 331–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, Thomas D. 2002. “Randomized Experiments in Education Policy Research: A Critical Examination of the Reasons the Educational Evaluation Community Has Offered for Not Doing Them.” Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 24 (Autumn): 175–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, Fay Lomax, and Moskowitz, Rachel L.. 2013. “The Great Divide: Elite and Mass Opinion about Social Security.” Northwestern University, Institute for Policy Research: Working Paper Series.Google Scholar
Davenport, Coral. 2014. “Florida Finding Itself in Eye of Storm on Climate Change.” New York Times, May 8, A1, A15.Google Scholar
Dietz, Thomas. 2013. “Bringing Values and Deliberation to Science Communication.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (August): 14081–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietz, Thomas, Leshko, Christina, and McCright, Aaron M.. 2013. “Politics Shapes Individual Choices about Energy Efficiency.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (June): 9181–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dietz, Thomas, Rosa, Eugene A., and York, Richard. 2008. “Environmentally Efficient Well Being: Rethinking Sustainability as the Relationship between Human Well-Being and Environmental Impacts.” Human Ecology Review 16: 113–22.Google Scholar
Douglas, Heather. 2009. Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druckman, James N. 2012. “The Politics of Motivation.” Critical Review 24: 199–216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druckman, James N. 2014. “Pathologies of Studying Public Opinion, Political Communication, and Democratic Responsiveness.” Political Communication 31: 467–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Druckman, James N., and Bolsen, Toby. 2011. “Framing, Motivated Reasoning, and Opinions about Emergent Technologies.” Journal of Communication 61: 659–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emanuel, Ezekiel J. 2013. “The Future of Biomedical Research.” Journal of the American Medical Association 309 (April): 1589–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feldman, Stanley. 2003. “Values, Ideology, and the Structure of Political Attitudes.” In Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, ed. Sears, David O., Huddy, Leonie, and Jervis, Robert, 477–508. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ford, Thomas E., and Kruglanski, Arie W.. 1995. “Effects of Epistemic Motivations on the Use of Accessible Constructs in Social Judgment.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21: 950–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freudenburg, William R., Gramling, Robert, and Davidson, Debra J.. 2008. “Scientific Certainty Argumentation Methods (SCAMs): Science and the Politics of Doubt.” Sociological Inquiry 78: 2–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gauchat, Gordon. 2012. “Politicization of Science in the Public Sphere: A Study of Public Trust in the United States, 1974–2010.” American Sociological Review 77 (March): 167–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goren, Paul, Federico, Christopher M., and Kittilson, Miki Caul. 2009. “Source Cues, Partisan Identities, and Political Value Expression.” American Journal of Political Science 53 (4): 805–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haidt, Jonathan. 2012. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Hajnal, Zoltan L. 2007. Changing White Attitudes toward Black Political Leadership. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hart, William, Albarracín, Dolores, Eagly, Alice H., Brechan, Inge, Lindberg, Matthew J., and Merill, Lisa. 2009. “Feeling Validated Versus Being Correct: A Meta-Analysis of Selective Exposure to Information.” Psychological Bulletin 135 (4): 555–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, Daniel J. 2014. “A New Direction for Science and Values.” Synthese 191: 3271–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horgan, John 2005. “The Republican War on Science: Review.” New York Times, November 18. Available at www.nytimes.com/2005/12/18/books/review/18horgan.html?pagewanted=all&;_r=0 (accessed March 23, 2015).Google Scholar
Houston, David A., and Fazio, Russell H.. 1989. “Biased Processing as a Function of Attitude Accessibility: Making Objective Judgments Subjectively.” Social Cognition 7 (1): 51–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsee, Christopher K. 1996. “The Evaluability Hypothesis: An Explanation for Preference Reversals between Joint and Separate Evaluations of Alternatives.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 67: 247–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iyengar, Shanto, and Kinder, Donald R.. 1987. News That Matters: Television and American Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Jacobson, Gary. 2008. A Divider, Not a Uniter: George W. Bush and the American People: The 2006 Election and Beyond. New York: Pearson Longman.Google Scholar
Jasanoff, Sheila S. 1987. “Contested Boundaries in Policy Relevant Science.” Social Studies of Science 17 (2): 195–230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joffe, Carole. 2013. “The Politicization of Abortion and the Evolution of Abortion Counseling.” American Journal of Public Health 103 (January): 57–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahan, Dan M., Braman, Donald, Slovic, Paul, Gastil, John, and Cohen, Geoffrey. 2009. “Cultural Cognition of the Risks and Benefits of Nanotechnology.” Nature Nanotechnology 4: 87–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kahneman, Daniel. 2011. Thinking, Fast and Slow. New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux.Google Scholar
Karpowitz, Christopher, Mendelberg, Tali, and Shaker, Lee. 2012. “Gender Inequality in Deliberative Participation.” American Political Science Review 106: 533–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kedrowski, Karen M., and Sarow, Marilyn Stine. 2007. Cancer Activism. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Kim, Sung-Youn, Taber, Charles S., and Lodge, Milton. 2010. “A Computational Model of the Citizen as Motivated Reasoner: Modeling the Dynamics of the 2000 Presidential Election.” Political Behavior 32: 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kingdon, John W. 1977. “Models of Legislative Voting.” Journal of Politics 39: 563–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krehbiel, Keith. 1992. Information and Legislative Organization. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Kunda, Ziva. 1990. “The Case for Motivated Reasoning.” Psychological Bulletin 108 (3): 480–98.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lau, Richard R., and Redlawsk, David P.. 2006. How Voters Decide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavine, Howard, Johnston, Christopher, and Steenbergen, Marco. 2012. The Ambivalent Partisan: How Critical Loyalty Promotes Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leeper, Thomas J. 2012. Essays on Political Information and the Dynamics of Public Opinion. Northwestern University: Doctoral dissertation.Google Scholar
Lenz, Gabriel. 2009. “Learning and Opinion Change, Not Priming: Reconsidering the Evidence for the Priming Hypothesis.” American Journal of Political Science 53 (4): 821–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodge, Milton, and Taber, Charles S.. 2000. “Three Steps toward a Theory of Motivated Political Reasoning.” In Elements of Reason, ed. Lupia, Arthur, McCubbins, Mathew D., and Popkin, Samuel L.. 183–213. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lodge, Milton, and Taber, Charles S.. 2008. “The Rationalizing Voter.” Stony Brook University: Unpublished paper.Google Scholar
Lord, Charles G., Leeper, Mark R., and Preston, Elizabeth. 1984. “Considering the Opposite: A Corrective Strategy for Social Judgment.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47 (6): 1231–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lupia, Arthur. 2002. “Deliberation Disconnected: What It Takes to Improve Civic Competence.” Law and Contemporary Problems 65: 133–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupia, Arthur. 2006. “How Elitism Undermines the Study of Voter Competence.” Critical Review 18 (1): 217–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lupia, Arthur. 2013. “Communication Science in Politicized Environments.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110: 14048–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lupia, Arthur. 2014a. “The Trouble with Voters and Those Who Try to Fix Them.” University of Michigan: Unpublished manuscript.Google Scholar
Lupia, Arthur. 2014b. “What Is the Value of Social Science?” PS: Political Science and Politics 47 (1): 1–7.Google Scholar
Lupia, Arthur, and Elman, Colin 2014. “Openness in Political Science: Data Access and Research Transparency.” PS: Political Science and Politics 47: 9–42.Google Scholar
Lupia, Arthur, and McCubbins, Mathew D.. 1998. The Democratic Dilemma: Can Citizens Learn What They Need to Know? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Maio, Greg R., and Olson, James M. (eds.). 2000. Why We Evaluate. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Mansbridge, Jane N. 1983. Beyond Adversary Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Marcus, George E., Russell Neuman, W., and MacKuen, Michael. 2000. Affective Intelligence and Political Judgment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Massey, Sean G., and Barreras, Ricardo E.. 2013. “Introducing ‘Impact Validity.’” Journal of Social Issues 69 (December): 615–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCright, Aaron M., and Dunlap, Riley E.. 2011. “The Politicization of Climate Change and Polarization in the American Public’s Views of Global Warming, 2001–2010.” The Sociological Quarterly 52 (Spring): 155–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, John D. 1998. “The Measurement of Civic Scientific Literacy.” Public Understanding of Science 7: 203–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nature . 2010. “Science Scorned.” 467(7312): 133.Google Scholar
Newport, Frank, Shapiro, Robert Y., Ayres, Whit, Belden, Nancy, Fishkin, James, Fung, Archon, Herbst, Susan, et al. 2013. “AAPOR Task Force Report: Policy and Democracy.” Public Opinion Quarterly 77: 853–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, Stephen P. 2012. “Polarizing Cues.” American Journal of Political Science 56 (January): 52–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyhan, Brendan. 2015. “A Proposal for Journal Reforms.” American Political Science Task Force on Public Engagement. PS: Political Science and Politics, 48: (Special Issue): this issue.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Keefe, Daniel J. 2002. Persuasion. Second edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Opennheimer, Michael. 2010. “Scientists, Expert Judgment, and Public Policy: What Is Our Proper Role?” Paper presented at the 2010 Stephen Schneider Global Change Lecture at the Annual Meeting of the American Geophysical Union. San Francisco, December 15.Google Scholar
Oreskes, Naomi, and Conway, Erik M.. 2010. Merchants of Doubt. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Page, Benjamin I., and Shapiro, Robert Y.. 1992. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans’ Policy Preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pielke, Roger A. Jr. 2007. The Honest Broker: Making Sense of Science in Policy and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Redlawsk, David P. 2002. “Hot Cognition or Cool Consideration? Testing the Effects of Motivated Reasoning on Political Decision Making.” Journal of Politics 64 (4): 1021–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rokeach, Milton. 1973. The Nature of Human Values. New York: The Free Press.Google Scholar
Schattschneider, Elmer E. 1960. The Semisovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.Google Scholar
Schuldt, Jonathan P., Konrath, Sara H., and Schwarz, Norbert. 2011. “Climate Framing: ‘Global Warming’ vs. ‘Climate Change.’” Public Opinion Quarterly 75: 115–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, Shalom H. 1992. “Universals in the Content and Structure of Values: Theoretical Advances and Empirical Tests in 20 Countries.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 25: 1–65.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Shalom H. 1994. “Are There Universal Aspects in the Structure and Contentof Human Values?” Journal of Social Issues 50 (4): 19–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, Robert. 2011. “Public Opinion and American Democracy.” Public Opinion Quarterly 75 (5): 982–1017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, Betsy. 2012. The Social Citizen. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Joanne R., Terry, Deborah J., Crosier, Timothy R., and Duck, Julie M.. 2005. “The Importance of the Relevance of the Issue to the Group in Voting Intentions.” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 27 (2): 163–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Rogers. 2015. “ Creating an APSA ‘Exploring Public Issues’ Speakers and Classroom Resources Program.” American Political Science Association Task Force on Public Engagement. PS: Political Science and Politics 48 (Special Issue): this issue.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sniderman, Paul M., Chubb, John E., and Hagen, Michael G.. 1991. “Ideological Reasoning.” In Reasoningand Choice: Explorations in Political Psychology, ed. Sniderman, Paul M., Brody, Richard A., and Tetlock, Philip E.. 140–63. New York: Cambridge University Press .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sniderman, Paul M., and Highton, Benjamin H. (eds.). 2011. Facing the Democratic Challenge. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Southwell, Brian G. 2013. Social Networks and Popular Understanding of Science and Health. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Stanovich, Keith E., and West, Richard F.. 1998. “Individual Differences in Framing and Conjunction Effects.” Thinking and Reasoning 4: 289–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stapel, Diederik, Koomen, Willem, and Zeelenberg, Marcel. 1998. “The Impact of Accuracy Motivation on Interpretation, Comparison, and Correction Processes: Accuracy X Knowledge Accessibility Effects.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 74: 878–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stekette, Mike. 2010. “Some Skeptics Make It a Habit to Be Wrong.” The Australian. November 20.Google Scholar
Stern, Paul C., Young, Oran R., and Druckman, Daniel (eds.). 1992. Global Environmental Change. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Press.Google Scholar
Taber, Charles S., and Lodge, Milton. 2006. “Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (3): 755–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Michael. 1987. The Possibility of Cooperation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tetlock, Philip E. 1983. “Accountability and Complexity of Thought.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 45 (1): 74–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhlenbrock, Kristan, Landau, Elizabeth, and Hankin, Erik. 2014. “Science Communication and the Role of Scientists in the Policy Discussion.” New Trends in Earth-Science Outreach and Engagement Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research 38: 93–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Visser, Penny S., Bizer, George Y., and Krosnick, Jon A.. 2006. “Exploring the Latent Structure of Strength-Related Attitude Attributes.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 38: 1–67.Google Scholar
Von Storch, Hans, and Bray, Dennis. 2010. “Against Politicization of Science. Comment on S. Keller: Scientization: Putting Global Climate Change on the Scientific Agenda Since 1970 and the Role of the IPCC.” Poiesis Praxis 7 (October): 211–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warren, Mark E. 2001. Democracy and Association. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Zaller, John. 1992. The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar