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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 05 December 2011
While food and drink expenditure per head in Scotland is much the same as in the rest of the U.K., primary food production is at a relatively higher level, food processing is slightly less important and alcoholic drink production very much higher. Food production in Scotland is almost 80% of food consumption but probably less than 40% of what we cat has remained within the country all the way from farm or sea to the Scottish consumer. Over half of Scottish consumers' food expenditure goes to processing and distribution and around a quarter to the farming and fishing industry; the balance is spent on imports. Farm output has roughly doubled over the past 30 years while farm prices (relative to other prices) have roughly halved. In recent years food manufacturing has regained the production levels of 1979 while other manufacturing has declined by over 10%. The alcoholic drink industry has suffered much more from the recession. The relatively stable domestic demand for food conceals changes in the pattern of that demand and the development of all sections of the Scottish food and drink economy depends on their adapting to these changes as well as exploiting opportunities to replace imports or develop export markets.