Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T15:37:58.691Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Symposium 1 Newer aspects of micronutrients in chronic disease

β-Carotene, are we misreading the signals in risk groups? Some analogies with vitamin C

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

David I. Thurnham
Affiliation:
Human Nutrition Research Group, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
‘Newer aspects of micronutrients’
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1994

References

Aisen, P. (1984). Transferrin metabolism and the liver. Seminars in Liver Disease 4, 193206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allard, J. P., Royall, D., Kurian, R., Muggli, R. & Jeejeebhoy, K. N. (1994). Effects of β-carotene supplementation on lipid peroxidation in humans. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59, 884890.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, R. (1991). Assessment of the roles of vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene in the modulation of oxidant stress mediated by cigarette smoke-activated phagocytes. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 358361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anderson, R. & Lukey, P. T. (1987). A biological role for ascorbate in the selective neutralization of extracellular phagocyte-derived oxidants. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 498, 229247.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, C. J., Prentice, A. M., Paul, A. A. & Whitehead, R. G. (1982). Seasonal variations in ascorbic acid status and breast milk ascorbic acid levels in rural Gambian women in relation to dietary intake. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 76, 341347.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bates, C. J., Prentice, A. M., Prentice, A., Lamb, W. H. & Whitehead, R. G. (1983). The effect of vitamin C supplementation on lactating women in Keneba, a West African rural community. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 53, 6876.Google ScholarPubMed
Bates, C. J., Rutishauser, I. H. E., Black, A. E. & Paul, A. A. (1979). Long-term vitamin status and dietary intake of healthy subjects. 2. Vitamin C. British Journal of Nutrition 42, 4356.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bingol, A. C., Altay, C., Say, B. & Donmez, S. (1975). Plasma, erythrocyte and leucocyte ascorbic acid concentrations in children with iron deficiency anaemia. Journal of Pediatrics 86, 902904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buffinton, G. D., Cowden, W. B., Hunt, N. H. & Clark, I. A. (1986). Bleomycin-detectable iron in plasma from Plasmodium vinkei vinkei-infected mice. FEBS 195, 6567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, G. W. & Ingold, K. U. (1984). β-Carotene: an unsual type of lipid antioxidant. Science 224, 569573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cambell, G. D., Steinberg, M. H. & Bower, J. D. (1975). Ascorbic acid induced haemolysis in G-6-PD deficiency. Annals of Internal Medicine 82, 810.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chopra, M., Willson, R. L. & Thurnham, D. I. (1993). Free radical scavenging activity of lutein in vitro. In Proceedings of the New York Academy of Sciences Conference, pp. 353356 [Cranfield, L. M., Olson, J. A. and Krinsky, N. I., editors]. New York: New York Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Church, D. F. & Pryor, W. A. (1985). Free-radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environmental Health Perspectives 64, 111126.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crandon, J. H., Lennihen, R., Mikal, S. & Reif, A. E. (1961). Ascorbic acid economy in surgical patients. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 92, 246267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunningham, J. J., Ellis, S. L., McVeigh, K. L., Levine, R. E. & Calles-Escandon, J. (1991). Reduced mononuclear leucocyte ascorbic acid content in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus consuming adequate dietary vitamin C. Metabolism 40, 146149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Department of Health (1991). Dietary Reference Values for Food Energy and Nutrients for the United Kingdom. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 41, pp. 1210. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Department of Health and Social Security (1979). Nutrition and Health in Old Age. Report on Health and Social Subjects no. 16, pp. 1209. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Evans, R. M., Currie, L. & Campbell, A. (1982). The distribution of ascorbic acid between various cellular components of the blood in normal individuals, and its relation to the plasma concentration. British Journal of Nutrition 47, 473482.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gosling, P., Shearman, C. P. & Beevers, D. G. (1990). Urinary albumin excretion in smokers and non-smokers. Contributions to Nephrology 83, 151155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gregory, J., Foster, K., Tyler, H. & Wiseman, M. (1990). The Dietary and Nutritional Survey of British Adults. London: H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Gutteridge, J. M. C., Halliwell, B., Treffry, A., Harrison, P. M. & Blake, D. (1983). Effect of ferritin-containing fractions with different iron loading on lipid peroxidation. Biochemical Journal 209, 557560.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heinonen, O. P. & Albanes, D. (1994). The effect of vitamin E and beta-carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. New England Journal of Medicine 330, 10291035.Google Scholar
Hemila, H., Roberts, P. & Wikstrom, M. (1984). Activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes consume vitamin C. FEBS Letters 178, 2530.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herbert, V. (1993). Viewpoint: Does mega-C do more good than harm, or more harm than good. Nutrition Today 28, 2832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hesseker, H., Kohlmeier, M., Schneider, R., Speitling, A. & Kubler, W. (1991). Vitaminversorgung Erwachsener in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Adult vitamin supplementation in West Germany.) Ernährungswissenschaft 38, 227233.Google Scholar
Hume, R. & Weyers, E. (1973). Changes in leucocyte ascorbic acid during the common cold. Scottish Medical Journal 18, 37.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Irvin, T. T., Chattopadhyay, K. & Smythe, A. (1978). Ascorbic acid requirements in postoperative patients. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics 147, 4955.Google ScholarPubMed
Ito, Y., Ochiai, J., Sasaki, R., Suzuki, S., Kasuhara, Y., Morimitsu, Y., Otani, M. & Aoki, K. (1990). Serum concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, and α-tocopherol in healthy persons determined by highperformance liquid chromatography. Clinica Chimica Acta 194, 131144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwamoto, N., Kawaguchi, T., Horikawa, K., Nagakura, S., Hidaka, M., Kagimoto, T., Takatsuki, K. & Nakakuma, H. (1994). Haemolysis induced by ascorbic acid in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Lancet 343, 357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacob, R. A. (1990). Assessment of human vitamin C status. Journal of Nutrition 120, 14801485.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jennings, P. E., Chiroco, S., Jones, A. F., Lunec, J. & Barnett, A. H. (1987). Vitamin C metabolites and microangiography in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Research 6, 151154.Google Scholar
Joosten, E., Pelemans, W., Hiele, M., Noyen, J., Verhaeghe, R. & Boogaerts, M. A. (1992). Prevalence and causes of anaemia in a geriatric hospitalized population. Gerontology 38, 111117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kallner, A. B., Hartmann, D. & Hornig, D. H. (1981). On the requirements of ascorbic acid in man: steady state turnover and body pool in smokers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34, 13471355.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knowles, J., Thurnham, D. I., Hill, A. V. S., Tang, C. & Greenwood, B. M. (1991). Plasma ascorbate concentrations in human malaria. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, 66A.Google Scholar
Koj, A. (1985). Biological functions of acute phase proteins. In The Acute Phase Response to Injury and Infection, pp. 145160 [Gordon, A. H. and Koj, A., editors]. London: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Lachant, N. A. & Tanaka, K. R. (1986). Antioxidants in sickle cell disease: the in vitro effects of ascorbic acid. American Journal of Medical Sciences 292, 310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLean Baird, I., Walters, R. L. & Sutton, D. R. (1974). Absorption of slow-release iron and effects of ascorbic acid in normal subjects after partial gastrectomy. British Medical Journal 4, 505508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Margetts, B. M. & Jackson, A. A. (1993). Interaction between people's diet and their smoking habits: the dietary and nutritional survey of British adults. British Medical Journal 307, 13811384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathews-Roth, M. M. (1986). Systemic photoprotection. Dermatologic Clinics 4, 335339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathews-Roth, M. M., Pathak, M. A., Fitzpatrick, T. B., Harber, L. C. & Kass, E. H. (1977). Beta-carotene therapy for erythropoietic protoporphyria and other photosensitive diseases. Archives of Dermatology 113, 12291232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, D. C., Prince, M. R., Frisoli, J. K., Smith, R. E. & Wood, R. F. M. (1993). Beta carotene uptake into atherosclerotic plaque: enhancing and preferential ablation with pulsed dye laser. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 13, 149157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mobarhan, S., Bowen, P. E., Anderson, B., Evans, M., Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Sugerman, S., Simms, P., Lucchesi, D. & Friedman, H. (1990). Effects of β-carotene repletion on β-carotene absorption, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil superoxide formation in young men. Nutrition and Cancer 14, 195206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moore, R. J., Friedl, K. E., Tulley, R. T. & Askew, E. W. (1993). Maintenance of iron status in healthy men during an extended period of stress and physical activity. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58, 923927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morabia, A. & Wynder, E. L. (1990). Dietary habits of smokers, people who never smoked and exsmokers. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 933937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moser, U. & Weber, F. (1984). Uptake of ascorbic acid by human granulocytes. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 54, 4753.Google ScholarPubMed
Niki, E. (1991). Action of ascorbic acid as a scavenger of active and stable oxygen radicals. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 1119S1124S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olusi, S. O., Ojutiku, O. O., Jessop, W. J. E. & Iboka, M. I. (1979). Plasma and white cell ascorbic acid concentrations in patients with bronchial asthma. Clinica Chimica Acta 92, 161166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orringer, E. P. & Roer, M. E. S. (1979). An ascorbate-mediated transmembrane-reducing system of the human erythrocyte. Journal of Clinical Investigation 63, 5358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Packer, J. E., Slater, T. F. & Willson, R. L. (1979). Direct observations of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C. Nature 278, 737738.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pelletier, O. (1977). Vitamin C and tobacco. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 16, 147169.Google Scholar
Powers, H. J. (1987). The potential of a 13C-Methacetin breath test for estimating ascorbic acid requirements. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 57, 455.Google ScholarPubMed
Powers, H. J. (1991). The use of stable isotopes in vitamin research. In New Techniques in Nutritional Research, pp. 95111 [Whitehead, R. G. and Prentice, A., editors]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Riemersma, R. A., Carruthers, K. F., Williams, N. R. & Howard, A. N. (1994). Plasma vitamin C, white blood cell Cu and Zn, C-reactive protein during acute myocardial infarction and recovery. Proceedings of Scottish Cardiac Society, Abstr.Google Scholar
Riemersma, R. A., Wood, D. A., Macintyre, C. C. A., Elton, R. A., Gey, K. F. & Oliver, M. A. (1991). Risk of angina pectoris and plasma concentrations of vitamins A, C, and E and carotene. Lancet 337, 15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowley, D., Gutteridge, J. M. C., Blake, D. R., Farr, M. & Halliwell, B. (1984). Lipid peroxidation in rheumatoid arthritis: thiobarbituric acid-reactive material and catalytic iron salts in synovial fluid from rheumatoid patients. Clinical Science 66, 691695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinclair, A. J., Girling, A. J., Gray, L., Le Guen, C., Lunec, J. & Barnett, A. H. (1991). Disturbed handling of ascorbic acid in diabetic patients with and without microangiopathy during high dose ascorbate supplementation. Diabetologia 34, 171175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sinha, S. N., Gupta, S. C., Bajaj, A. K., Singh, P. A. & Kumar, P. (1984). A study of blood ascorbate in leprosy. International Journal of Leprosy 52, 159162.Google ScholarPubMed
Sipe, J. D. (1985). Cellular and humoral components of the early inflammatory reaction. In The Acute Phase Response to Injury and Infection, pp. 321 [Gordon, A. H. and Koj, A., editors]. London: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis, M., Bowen, P. E., Kikendall, J. W. & Burgess, M. (1987). Simultaneous determination of serum retinol and various carotenoids: their distribution in middle-aged men and women. Journal of Micronutrient Analysis 3, 2745.Google Scholar
Stadtman, E. R. (1991). Ascorbic acid and oxidative inactivation of proteins. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 1125S1128S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stryker, W. S., Kaplan, L. A., Stein, E. A., Stampfer, M. J., Sober, A. & Willett, W. C. (1988). The relation of diet, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption to plasma beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol levels. American Journal of Epidemiology 127, 283296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group (1994). The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers. New England Journal of Medicine 330, 10291035.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurnham, D. I. (1990). Antioxidants and prooxidants in malnourished populations. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 48, 247259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thurnham, D. I. (1992). Micronutrients, how important in old age? Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 46, S29S37.Google ScholarPubMed
Thurnham, D. I. (1994 a). Carotenoids: functions and fallacies. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 53, 7787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thurnham, D. I. (1994 b). Micronutrient levels following surgery or during disease: A protective response or increased requirements? Journal of the Irish Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons (In the Press).Google Scholar
Thurnham, D. I. & Flora, P. S. (1988). Do higher vitamin A requirements in men explain the difference between the sexes in plasma provitamin A carotenoids and retinol. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 47, 181A.Google Scholar
Thurnham, D. I., Kwiatkowsky, D., Hill, A. V. S. & Greenwood, B. M. (1990). The influence of malaria on plasma retinol. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 60, 184.Google Scholar
Thurnham, D. I., Muñoz, N., Lu, J.-B., Wahrendorf, J., Zheng, S.-F., Hambidge, K. M. & Crespi, M. (1988). Nutritional and haematological status of Chinese farmers: the influence of 13.5 months treatment with riboflavin, retinol and zinc. Human Nutrition: Applied Nutrition 42, 647660.Google ScholarPubMed
Thurnham, D. I., Singkamani, R., Kaewichit, R. & Wongworapat, K. (1991). Influence of malaria infection on peroxyl-radical trapping capacity in plasma from rural and urban Thai adults. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 257271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallance, S. (1986). Platelets, leucocytes and buffy layer vitamin C after surgery. Human Nutrition: Clinical Nutrition 40C, 3541.Google Scholar
Vuilleumier, J.-P., Keller, H. E., Gysel, D. & Hunziker, F. (1983). Clinical chemical methods for the routine assessment of the vitamin status in human populations. Part I: The fat-soluble vitamins A and E, and β-carotene. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 53, 265272.Google Scholar
Willet, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Underwood, B. A., Taylor, J. O. & Hennekens, C. H. (1983). Vitamins A, E and carotene: effects of supplementation on their plasma levels. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 38, 559566.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winyard, P. G., Blake, D. R., Chirico, S., Gutteridge, J. M. C. & Lunec, J. (1987). Mechanisms of exacerbation of rheumatoid synovitis by total-dose iron-dextran infusion: in vivo demonstration of iron-promoted oxidant stress. Lancet i, 6972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Health Organization (1967). Recommended Daily Allowances. Technical Report Series no. 362. Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Yarnell, J. W. G., Baker, I. A., Sweetnam, P. M., Bainton, D., O'Brien, J. R., Whitehead, P. J. & Elwood, P. C. (1991). Fibrinogen, viscosity, and white blood cell count are major risk factors for ischaemic heart disease. The Caerphilly and Speedwell collaborative heart disease studies. Circulation 83, 836844.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoshioka, M., Matsushita, T. & Chuman, Y. (1984). Inverse association of serum ascorbic acid level and blood pressure or rate of hypertension in male adults aged 30–39 years. International Journal of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 54, 343347.Google ScholarPubMed