Calorie menu labelling (CML) can encourage people to purchase fewer calories( Reference Bollinger, Leslie and Sorenson 1 ). More males than females are affected by overweight and obesity in Ireland( 2 ) but males tend to regard calorie information as being ‘just for women’( Reference Ray, Clegg and Davidson 3 ). This study describes the calorie content of foods purchased by males and females in a hospital staff/ visitor canteen serving breakfast and lunch, before and after the implementation of CML.
Calories per portion of food served for breakfast (fixed daily menu) and lunch (variable daily menu, three week menu cycle), were calculated using MenuCal® ( 4 ). Consumer food choices were recorded for both meals on five days (Monday-Friday) of the same menu cycle, pre-, and six weeks post-, CML implementation. The variation in calories purchased pre- and post- CML was analysed according to gender, meal, day, service counter (hot [kcals tended to be higher] vs. cold) and food group as defined in Ireland's healthy eating guidelines( Reference Flynn, O'Brien and Ross 5 ).
Data was collected for 999 customers pre-, and 1005 customers post-, CML. Immediately following implementation of CML, and before impact was evaluated, the portion of baked potato on offer was reduced by a third due to customer demand. Evaluation of customer purchasing behaviour showed a significant decrease in median calories purchased after CML was implemented (599kcal vs. 530kcal, p < 0·05). As shown in the table this decrease was more evident in males.
† Calorie Menu Labelling
Median values were statistically different (Mann-Whitney U) *p < 0·05, **p = 0·001, ***p < 0·001
At lunch following CML, females purchased significantly fewer median calories on Monday (719 kcal vs. 449kcal, p < 0·001) but more on Friday (511kcal vs. 706kcal, p < 0·05). Over both meals significantly fewer males chose hot counter options after CML (74 % vs. 68 %, p < 0·01). At lunch, significantly fewer customers chose hot counter options (74 % vs. 57 %, p < 0·001) while more chose from the cold counter when calories were displayed (25 % vs. 35 %, p < 0·001). Following CML significantly fewer customers chose foods from the ‘other’ food group i.e. high fat/ high sugar foods (31 % vs. 23 %, p < 0·001), with a specific reduction in the proportion of customers choosing chips (39 % to 26 %, p < 0·001). More consumers chose foods from the ‘fruit and vegetable’ food group (44 % vs. 57 %, p < 0·001) after CML.
In conclusion following CML customers made healthier choices and fewer calories were purchased, particularly by males. A ‘Friday feeling’ effect was observed for females.
