I will discuss a few select aspects of the most common and best understood galactic-scale outflow – starburst-driven superwinds, focusing on winds from nuclear starburst galaxies. I will show that modern observations, in particular in the soft and hard X-ray bands, complement and reinforce the existing paradigm of superwinds as flows collectively driven by multiple SNe. The properties of the diffuse X-ray emission from dwarf starburst galaxies, LBOL∼L[sstarf ] starburst in spiral galaxies, and ULIRGS, are all consistent with superwind activity. Where appropriate, I contrast the physics of starburst-driven winds with poorly collimated winds from AGN, and discuss what we know of the role of LLAGN and Seyfert nuclei in starburst superwind galaxies.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We present a multi-wavelength study of a pair of head-tailed radio galaxies in an in-falling filament of the A3125/A3128 cluster complex which is located at the centre of the massive Horologium Reticulum Supercluster (HRS). We compare the large-scale structure evident from extensive optical observations of the region with the dynamical information gleaned from the morphology of the radio jets. We argue that in addition to the acceleration produced by in-fall toward the centre of A3125, the closest galaxy cluster, the radio jets show some evidence of bulk motion along the major filament of the HRS.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

On acceleration of relativistic electrons by any means, the coherent pinch effect brings the relativistic electrons together. The inclusion of a suitable number of positive ions, preferentially heavy ions would stabilize the beam. The heavy trapped nuclei would have to go with the electrons, thus acquire relativistic speeds. The electron beam may be divided into small bunches. This mechanism can accelerate positive nuclei to GeV and TeV energies during solar flares, stellar and galactic high energy events. During the acceleration of 1000 GeV electron bunches, the energy gained by trapped positive nuclei is estimated to reach 10$^{15}$ eV per nucleon. Higher energies can be achieved by head on collision as the energy gained by the target nucleus is proportional to $\gamma^{2},$ however fission reactions and very high energy gamma rays may occur. The principle of this mechanism is applied in electron-ring accelerators.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

Here we report thermodynamical properties of a a so-called “thermal plume” observed near the solar disc center in 2001. The spectral observations of two iron lines analysed have been obtained using the Vacuum Tower Telescope (Tenerife).To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We present results from new high angular resolution observations of the neutral hydrogen absorption using global VLBI, MERLIN, and VLA observations of the peculiar radio galaxy 3C 293. These results reveal extensive HI absorption against the inner kiloparsec of the radio jet in this source over a wide range of angular scales. In additional to these sub-arcsecond resolution radio observations we also present infrared imaging of the jet.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We present the preliminary results of BVRI imaging of six clusters chosen from a follow-up project of the CNOC cluster survey. In an attempt to ascertain the evolution of galaxies in the cluster environment, we focus on the infalling galaxy groups, especially on their characteristics reflected by their color properties. To investigate the role of cluster environment in the evolution of galaxy groups, the color properties of galaxy groups are explored as a function of cluster radius and the local density of cluster galaxies. Both the radius and the local density affect the properties of groups, but evidence suggests that density may be more important in the relationship between cluster environment and galaxy characteristics.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

Heliospheric models of Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) propagation and evolution provide an important insight into the dynamics of CMEs and are a valuable tool for interpreting interplanetary in situ observations. Moreover, they represent a virtual laboratory for exploring conditions and regions of space that are not conveniently or currently accessible by spacecraft. In this review I summarize recent advances in modeling the properties and evolution of CMEs in the solar wind. In particular, I will focus on: (1) the types of ICME models; (2) the boundary conditions that are imposed; (3) the role of the ambient solar wind; (4) predicting new phenomena; and (5) distinguishing between competing CME initiation mechanisms. I will conclude by discussing what topics will likely be important for models to address in the future.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We are conducting a magnetic survey of a sample of about 30 spectroscopically identified Ap stars, with weak or previously undetected magnetic fields. For 28 studied stars, we have obtained 25 detections of Stokes V Zeeman signatures. Our results suggest that all Ap stars are magnetic. Further there may exist a minimum field strength for which Ap-type characteristics are produced.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We collected published measurements of the effective magnetic fields of stars on the Main Sequence and above it, and compliled a catalogue of periodic $B_{\rm e}$ variations. We present magnetic phase curves for 139 stars and tables of their parameters. Most of catalogued objects are chemically peculiar A and B type stars (134 stars).To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

Photometric properties (effective surface brightness, effective radius, radial profile index, axis ratio, color, color gradient) of 328 galaxies in the Coma cluster fainter than $R=15$ mag are examined as a function of the distance from the cluster center. No significant gradient is found for the effective surface brightness, effective radius and radial profile index. The distribution of axis ratios shows a concentration of round galaxies at the cluster center in the magnitude range $16.5 \lt R \lt 18$; most of these are found to be old and to have intermediate metal abundance, suggesting that they are nucleated dwarf ellipticals. On the other hand, we find a significant gradient in color, in the sense that galaxy colours become bluer with increasing distance from the cluster center. We conclude that this color gradient represents a metallicity gradient.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

This is a preliminary report on the observations of solar irradiance fluctuations with the DIFOS photometer aboard the Russian-Ukrainian satellite CORONAS-F launched in 2001. In addition the parallel ground-based spectral observations (VTT, Tenerife) carried out with the first 20-days observing space campaign are described.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

Magnetic clouds are extended and magnetized plasma structures that travel from the Sun toward the outer heliosphere, carrying an important amount of magnetic helicity. The magnetic helicity quantifies several aspects of a given magnetic structure, such as the twist, kink, and the number of knots between magnetic field lines, the linking between magnetic flux tubes, etc. Since the helicity is practically conserved in the solar atmosphere and the heliosphere, it is a useful quantity to compare the physical properties of magnetic clouds to those of their solar source regions. In this work we describe a method that, assuming a cylindrical geometry for the magnetic cloud structures, allows us to calculate their helicity (per unit length) content directly from the observed magnetic field values. We apply the method to a set of 20 magnetic clouds observed by the WIND spacecraft. To test its reliability we compare our results with the helicity computed using a linear force-free field model under cylindrical geometry (i.e. Lundquist's solution).To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We provide an overview of a high spatial resolution study of the molecular emission (H2 and CO) in the few central arcsec region around the AGN in NGC1068. A 0.5″ resolution H2 2.12 μm line map obtained with VLT/ISAAC is presented and reveals interesting characteristics: two unequally bright knots located at 1″ (70 pc) from the nucleus, along a direction perpendicular to the ionizing cone axis. We propose a model involving differential extinction, produced in the emitting molecular disc itself, to explain the intensity difference between the two knots. This effect can arise from a simple configuration, in which the orientation of the molecular disc is slightly tilted with respect to that of the central Compton thick absorber, which blocks the X-rays along our line of sight.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

Seyfert narrow line regions (NLR) have emission line ratios which are remarkably uniform, displaying only ∼0.5 dex variation between different galaxies. Existing models have been unable to explain these observations without the introduction of ad hoc assumptions, geometrical restrictions or new parameters. Here we introduce a new model: dusty radiation pressure dominated photoionization, which provides a natural self-regulating characteristic, leading to an invariance of the spectrum over a very wide range (>100) of ionization parameter. The dusty model is able to reproduce both the range and the absolute value of the observational line ratios not only in the standard optical diagnostic diagrams but also in UV diagnostic plots, providing an explanation to the problem in NLR observations.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We analyse parameters of the average phase curves of the effective magnetic field $B_{\rm e}$ for 139 Main Sequence and other stars. 134 are chemically peculiar A and B type stars. This contribution presents the statistical properties of the fitting coefficients $B_{\rm 0}$, $B_{\rm 1}$, and $B_{\rm 2}$, and the distribution of the parameter $r= B_{\rm e}({\rm max})/B_{\rm e}({\rm min})$.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

By using the plasma composition data from SOHO/CELIAS/MTOF, charge states data from ACE/SWICS, combining with the remote sensing observations from SOHO/LASCO white-light image and WIND/WAVES radio emission, we describe a coronal mass ejection (CME) observed on 2001 October 19 16:50 UT to show how the effect of CME interaction appears in the in situ measurements. A new narrow shock is formed while the rear CME passing through the core region of the preceding one, which moves faster than the surrounding part and has a new type II radio burst associated with it. Because of its distinguished elemental abundance and unusual low charge states, we connect a density hump observed by MTOF/PM with the preceding CME core. By comparing the relative abundances of minor ions in shock compressive region, ICME region and CME core region with respect to that in upstream slow solar wind, we indicate mass-per-charge dependence of minor thermal ions may be an important imprint of the characteristic velocity of distant acceleration region.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

We have studied the quantitative morphology of the galaxies of the Coma cluster brighter than $m_{r}=17$. The surface brightness profiles of all galaxies were decomposed into the structural components: bulge and disc. We found a correlation between the scale length of the discs and the location in the cluster. Galaxies located at small projected distances show smaller discs than those located in the outermost regions of the cluster. We have also investigated the correlation betwenn the B$-$r color of the galaxies and their environment. For late-type galaxies there is a correlation between the color and the position in the cluster. The bluest galaxies are located in the outermost regions of the cluster and show the largest discs. These results can be explained in terms of galaxy harassment.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

High resolution optical spectra of hydrogen and calcium lines observed with the Echelle spectrograph of the VTT at Sacramento Peak Observatory were analyzed. The observed line profiles in some parts of dark chromospheric mottles are to be matched with theoretical ones using the cloud model and several parameters (e.g. the temperature, gas pressure, flow velocity) are to be derived. Individual steps of the procedure, as well as crucial problems are discussed.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

Sensitive Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) drawn from the ISO data archive and supplemented with SCUBA and MAMBO observations, provide evidence for the geometric unification of powerful 3CR radio galaxies as “edge-on” quasars. Furthermore, detailed SEDs of 64 Palomar-Green quasars show a diversity of shapes, consistent with the physical evolution of the heating sources and the dust distribution around them.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html

$K$ band luminosity functions (LFs) of three, massive, high redshift clusters of galaxies are presented. The evolution of $K^{*}$, the characteristic magnitude of the LF, is consistent with purely passive evolution, and a redshift of formation $z_{{\rm f}} \approx 1.5-2$.To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html