¹ This study is a revision of a chapter in the thesis submitted by me in 1915 for the degree of doctor of philosophy at Harvard University.

² ms. Bodley 851; on its age, see Dr. James's edition of De Nugis Curialium, pp. v-xiii.

³ Publications of Camden Society, No. 50. Referred to hereafter as dnc, Wright.

⁴ Anecdota Oxoniensia, Medieval and Modern Series, Part xiv. Referred to hereafter as dnc, James.

⁵ dnc, Wright, pp. ix-xi, James, pp. xxiv-xxix.

⁶ dnc, James, p. xxvii.

⁷ dnc, James, p. vi.

⁸ dnc, James, pp. 1, 40, 256, 257, 259.

⁹ dnc, James, p. xi (ms. f. 118 v.): “Apocalipsis Magistri Galterl Mahap.”

¹⁰ dnc, James, p. 246, 11. 16, 21, 30; p. 247, 11. 3, 9, 17; p. 248, 11. 3, 5, 16, 18.

¹¹ Giraldus Cambrensis regularly wrote “Mapus” (see indexes to his Works in the Rolls Series). Hue de Rotelande (Ipomédon, ed. Kolbing and Koschwitz, pp. vi-vii and 11), Map's Westbury charter (Wright, Latin Poems commonly attributed to Walter Mapes, p. xxix), the St. Peter's charter (Cartularium S. Petri Gloucestriae, v. ii, p. 146), the two Flaxley charters (A. W. Crawley-Boevey, Cartulary of the Abbey of Flaxley, pp. 35, 162-63, 230-31), the entry in the Close Rolls (Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum, ed. T. D. Hardy, 1833, v. i, p. 106), the Pipe Rolls (see indexes to years 19, 24 and 31 Henry II), the Magna Vita 8. Hugonis (ed. J. F. Dimock, p. 280), and Ralph de Diceto (ed. Stubbs, v. ii, p. 150) all give “Map.” The same spelling is used for the Wormesley Maps (H. L. D. Ward, Catalogue of Romances, v. i, pp. 736 ff.), and the contemporary Map in the Liber Vitae of Durham (ed. Stevenson, p. 19). The erased name in this last place is “Maph”; and the Invectio of Bothewald gives the name “Walterum Mat” (Wright, Latin Poems, p. xxxv).

¹³ dnc, James, p. 4. Compare the same sentence on p. 250, 11. 23-24.

¹⁴ dnc, James, p. 210.

¹⁵ dnc, James, pp. 157-58, Dist. iv, cap. iv-v.

¹⁶ dnc, James, p. 218, Dist. v, cap. v.

¹⁷ dnc, James, p. 232, Dist. v, cap. vi.

¹⁸ dnc, James, pp. 248-55, Dist. v, cap vii.

¹⁹ Cf. p. 83, above.

²⁰ dnc, James, p. 54. Possibly also Dist. i, cap. xx, p. 29.

²¹ dnc, James, p. 206.

²² dnc, James, pp. 138-159.

²³ Radulphus de Diceto, Rolls Series, v. ii, p. 47. dnc, James, p. 158: “Gillebertus Foliot nunc Lundunensis episcopus.”

²⁴ dnc, James, p. 141: “Verumtamen audita morte domini mei predicti regis post biennium …. ad puteal exsurgo.”

²⁵ For the present I reserve my opinion on these alternatives; see pp. 91 f., below.

²⁶ dnc, James, p. 173.

²⁷ dnc, James, pp. 72-80.

²⁸ See pp. 104, 111, below.

²⁹ Of course, if Map were editor, he might have written the title; I rely on the other evidence that he was not editor of De Nugis.

³⁰ dnc, James, p. 248.

³¹ dnc, James, p. xxix. This accurately describes the purpose of chapters i, ii, and v; chapters iii and iv may be included.

³² Dist. i, cap. xxvi, xxviii recapitulate cap. xvi, xvii (dnc, James, pp. 25-27, 54-56); and the battle of Brenneville is treated on pp. 218 and 228. But these repetitions are within the limits of one composition, either written continuously, or arranged by Map from bits written at about the same time; the second occurrence in each case refers explicitly back to the former.

³³ dnc, James, pp. 75-77, 176, Dist. ii, cap. xii, Dist. iv, cap. x.

³⁴ dnc, James, pp. 19-20, 172-73, Dist. i, cap. xiv, Dist. iv, cap, vii.

³⁵ Dist. ii, cap. xiii, Dist. iv, cap. viii.

³⁶ The composition is not continuous between the several articles throughout cap. xvi-xxviii (dnc, James, pp. 25-56) which deal with religious orders; with cap. xxviii, however, it becomes continuous, and is so through p. 59 (cap. xxx), where the above mentioned reference occurs.

³⁷ dnc, James, p. 102, Dist. ii, cap. xxxi.

³⁸ dnc, James, p. 218, Dist. v, cap. iii-iv.

³⁹ See Walter de Gray Birch, Vita Haroldi (Life of King Harold), pp. 13-15, F. Michel, Chroniques Anglo-Normands, v. ii, pp. 152-54.

⁴⁰ See pp. 84 f., above.

⁴¹ dnc, James, pp. 85-87, Dist. ii, cap. xviii.

⁴² dnc, James, p. xxv.

⁴³ dnc, James, p. 140, note.

⁴⁴ Cf. dnc, James, p. xxv.

⁴⁵ dnc, James, p. 142, 11. 11 ff.: “… … inuident priusquam uideant. Ineidencia uero si notare fas est, incidit. Amicum habui, uirum uite philosophice, etc.”

⁴⁶ dnc, James, p. 159. Gilbert died in February, 1187.

⁴⁷ dnc, James, p. 142, 11. 12 ff.

^{page 94 note 1} Page references are to Dr. James's edition of De Nugis.

^{page 94 note 2} See dnc, Wright, p. 1, note. St. Augustine, Confessions, xi, 25; Map quotes from memory freely, “In tempore sum et de tempore loquor, ait Augustinus, et adiecit, nescio quid sit tempus.”

^{page 94 note 3} dnc, James, p. 12, Wright, p. 14.

^{page 94 note 4} dnc, James, p. 13, 11. 13-14.

^{page 94 note 5} dnc, James, pp. 15-16.

^{page 94 note 6} dnc, James, p. 16, 1. 4.

^{page 94 note 7} dnc, James, p. 17, 11. 31-32.

^{page 94 note 8} dnc, James, pp. 18-19.

^{page 94 note 9} See particularly: dnc, James, p. 1, 1. 6, “quod in curia sum”; p. 4, 1. 11, “Quis ibi cruciatus qui non sit hic multiplicatus?” also 11. 14, 18, 28; p. 8, 1. 16, p. 12, 11. 15 ff., Henry ii, who is meant beyond doubt, is still alive; p. 13, 11. 1 ff.; p. 15, 11. 25-26, “anno primo coronacionis nostri regis Henrici,” surely must refer to the reigning sovereign; p. 17, 11. 31-32, “Et tu …. inter has precipis poetari discordias.”

^{page 94 note 10} dnc, James, p. 141, 11. 4-8.

^{page 94 note 11} dnc, James, p. 18, 11. 20-30.

^{page 94 note 12} Gilbert Foliot was Bishop of London from April 28, 1163, until his death, February 18, 1187 (Radulphus de Diceto, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Series, i, p. 309, ii, p. 47, Benedictus, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Series, ii, p. 5), Baldwin was Bishop of Worcester from August 10, 1180, to December 16, 1184, when he became Elect of Canterbury; Dr. James's date (p. xxiv) obviously refers to his consecration as archbishop, not to his election (cf. Benedictus, i, p. 321, Annales Monastici, ed. Luard, Rolls Series, i, p. 52, ii, p. 241, iv, p. 384). Bartholomew was Bishop of Exeter from 1161 until his death, December 15, 1184 (Diceto, i, p. 304, Annales Monastici, i, p. 537, ii, p. 243, iv, p. 385, Roger de Hoveden, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Series, ii, p. 289, Stubbs, Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum, p. 31). Dr. James's dates are not quite accurate (p. xxiv).

^{page 94 note 13} I infer that Dr. James is misled from the following facts: in his table of “notes of time” in De Nugis (p. xxiv) he records none of the indications that Henry ii was alive except that on p. 15, 11. 25-26, which he qualifies, “Possibly in Henry ii's lifetime”; he does record the mention of Henry's death which occurs in the interpolated lines here under consideration; and on p. xxviii he expresses his opinion that Dist. iv is the earliest part of De Nugis.

^{page 94 note 14} dnc, James, p. 5, 1. 16 to p. 6, 1. 6.

^{page 94 note 15} Radulphus de Diceto, ii, pp. 41-42, Benedictus, i, pp. 345, 353. The same anecdote is found in Magna Vita S. Hugonis, Rolls Series, p. 176.

^{page 94 note 16} dnc, James, p. 253, 11. 26 ff.: “Et cum ipse fere solus in hac valle miserie iusticie sit minister acceptus, sub alis eius venditur et emitur. Ipsi tamen fit a ministris iniquis reuerencia maior quam Deo; quia quod ei non possunt abscondere recte facient inuit[at]i; quod autem Deo manifestum sciunt, peruertere non verentur; Deus enim serus est ultor, hic velox. Non in omnes loquor iudices, sed in maiorem et [in] insaniorem partem.”

^{page 99 note 1} Dr. James (p. xxvii) seems to force a connection: “The idea of ‘making a good end’ by retiring from the court to live in peace, suggests the stories of monks who left the cloister.” There is in the text no indication of this; and since the ideas are directly contrary, I do not feel the force of Dr. James's suggestion.

^{page 99 note 2} dnc, James, p. 19, 11. 4-5.

^{page 99 note 3} Art de vérifier les dates des faits historiques, etc., ed. Saint-Allais, Paris, 1818-44, v. x, pp. 505-06.

^{page 100 note 1} Gervase of Canterbury, ed. Stubbs, Rolls Series, i, pp. 388-89, says the news of the capture of Jerusalem reached the Pope before his death, which befell October 19, 1187, and “in brevi” the news of both events came to England.

^{page 101 note 1} dnc, James, p. 54, 11. 10-11.

^{page 101 note 2} dnc, James, p. 56, 11. 2-3.

^{page 101 note 3} dnc, James, p. xxviii.

^{page 101 note 4} dnc, James, p. 62, 11. 16-17.

^{page 101 note 5} dnc, James, p. 63, 1 .16.

^{page 101 note 6} dnc, James, p. 55, 11. 9 ff.; p. 56, 11. 10 ff., and 11. 19 ff.; cap. xxvi, xxviii, xxix.

^{page 101 note 7} dnc, James, p. 55, 1. 20.

^{page 101 note 8} dnc, James, p. 30, 1. 15. A few lines below Map writes of the loss of territory by the crusaders, but does not mention the loss of Jerusalem.

^{page 101 note 9} dnc, James, p. 39, 1. 8.

^{page 101 note 10} dnc, James, p. 47, 11. 3-10. Judged by the chroniclers, Map exaggerates the looting, which was probably small compared with that suffered at the hands of the Young Henry and Geoffrey of Britanny; no other event of Henry's reign, however, can be here referred to. See Benedictus, Rolls Series, i, p. 303, Geoffrey of Vigeois in Labbé, Novae Bibliothecae, Paris, 1657, ii, pp. 332-37, and F. Marvaud, Histoire des vicomtes de Limoges, i, pp. 244-57.

^{page 104 note 1} Dr. James writes (p. xxviii): “The story of three remarkable hermits, dragged in rather awkwardly, leads over into Distinctio ii, whereof the first seven chapters deal with good men of his own time.” There is nothing, however, to indicate this connection; formally the breach is perfect.

^{page 104 note 2} dnc, James, p. 68, 11. 17-18.

^{page 104 note 3} dnc, James, p. 71, 11. 4-6.

^{page 104 note 4} dnc, James, p. 72, 1. 24: “Aliud non miraculum sed portentum Walenses referunt. ”

^{page 104 note 5} dnc, James, p. 65, 1. 29: Cf. Gallia Christiana, ii, col. 1180.

^{page 104 note 6} dnc, James, p. 78, 1. 5: “et ille Britonum de quo superius.”

^{page 105 note 1} dnc, James, p. xxv, note to p. 86, 1. 14: “usque ad tempora Lucii pape, qui Alexandro pape tercio successit.”

^{page 106 note 1} dnc, James, p. 99, 11. 27-28.

^{page 106 note 2} dnc, James, p. 100, 1. 19. cf. Benedictus, i, p. 243, Diceto, i, p. 432, Annales Monastici, i, p. 52.

^{page 106 note 1} See pp. 89 f., above.

^{page 107 note 1} dnc, James, p. 122, 11. 20-22.

^{page 107 note 2} dnc, James, p. 130, 11. 19-20.

^{page 107 note 3} dnc, James, p. 134, 1. 31.

^{page 107 note 4} dnc, James, p. 104, 11. 3-5.

^{page 107 note 5} dnc, James, p. 104, 11. 13-14: “Scribere iubes posteris exempla quibus uel jocunditas excitetur uel edificetur ethica.” Cf. p. 18, 11. 15-16: “ut recitacio placeat et ad mores tendat instruccio.”

^{page 107 note 6} dnc, James, p. 105, 11. 8-9.

^{page 107 note 7} dnc, James, p. 104, 11. 19-20; p. 106, 1. 1; p. 122, 1. 18.

^{page 108 note 1} dnc, James, p. 140, note to 1. 25.

^{page 108 note 2} dnc, James, p. 139, 11. 2-4, and p. xxv.

^{page 108 note 1} See pp. 85 f., 91 f., above.

^{page 108 note 2} dnc, James, p. 141, 11. 4-6.

^{page 109 note 1} dnc, James, p. 142, 11. 12-30.

^{page 109 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 109 note 3} dnc, James, p. 158, 11. 7 ff.

^{page 109 note 4} dnc, James, p. 142, 11. 12-30.

^{page 109 note 5} Cap. v, pp. 158-59.

^{page 109 note 6} dnc, James, p. 157, 11. 20-30.

^{page 109 note 7} dnc, James, p. 172, 1. 3.

^{page 109 note 8} dnc, James, p. 173, 1. 29.

^{page 109 note 9} dnc, James, p. 183, 11. 7-8.

^{page 109 note 10} See F. Liebrecht, Des Gervasius von Tilbury Otia Imperialia, Hannover, 1856, pp. 11-12, H. Ullrich, Beiträge zur Geschichte der Tauchersage, Dresden, 1884, Mélusine, ii, pp. 223-30, Schnorr's Archiv für Literaturgeschichte (1886), xiv, pp. 69-102, etc.

^{page 109 note 11} dnc. James, p. 188, 11. 6-10.

^{page 109 note 12} dnc, James, p. 189, 11. 4-7.

^{page 109 note 13} dnc, James, p. 197, 11. 14-19.

^{page 109 note 14} dnc, James, p. 183, 11. 2-5: “et nunc hodie a Romanis electus est Lucius papa, etc.”; hodie must, of course, refer to the arrival of the news. The election was on September 1, 1181.

^{page 111 note 1} dnc, James, p. 203.

^{page 111 note 2} dnc, James, p. 205, 1. 4, p. 206, 1. 1.

^{page 111 note 3} Dr. James, p. 269, suggests that Appollonides is “possibly Henry ii,” or some other “King (of England or France) contemporary with Map.” The reviewer in the Athenaeum (February 16, 1915, p. 116) prefers William the Lion, or the Count of Flanders; and Dr. Webb, in the Classical Review (xxix, pp. 121-23), prefers Richard i. The difficulty with all these is in Map's words, “Hunc regem uidi et noui et odi,” and in the cattle-driving.

^{page 111 note 4} dnc, James, p. 205, 11. 19-20.

^{page 111 note 5} dnc, James, p. 226, 11. 30 ff.; p. 220, 11. 24-26.

^{page 112 note 1} dnc, James, p. 206, 11. 15-16.

^{page 113 note 1} dnc, James, p. 59, 11. 17-19: “Nostra dico tempora, modernitatem hanc, horum scilicet centum annorum curriculum, cuius adhuc nunc ultime partes extant.”

^{page 114 note 1} dnc, James, p. 218, 11. 12-13: “Henrieus rex Anglie, pater matris eius Henrici qui nunc regnat”; cf. p. 219,]. 3, p. 232, 11. 9-10 (Henry ii is meant, and must be alive, or he would not be mentioned thus indefinitely).

^{page 114 note 1} dnc, James, p. 237, 11. 11-12; Map's statement that Henry ii reigned 36 years is incorrect, but the important point is that Henry was dead. dnc, p. 238, 11. 17-21, Geoffrey now Archbishop of York, i. e. 1191, or later; the great quarrel with his canons came in 1193, cf. Roger de Hoveden, Rolls Series, i, pp. 222-31. dnc, p. 241, 11. 9-14, assassination of Conrad de Montferrat (April 28, 1192, cf. Radulphus de Diceto, ii, p. 104), and the accusations against Richard Cœur de Lion. dnc, p. 241, 11. 15 ff.; Dr. James, p. xxvi, declares, “Henry ii seems to be still living”; but I should say that “fuit” in 1. 16 sets the time of composition after Henry's death, the subsequent present tenses being pictorial. dnc, p. 246, 11. 18 ff.; Dr. James p. xxvi, thinks Geoffrey is “perhaps not yet Archbishop”; but, p. 246, 1. 20, “ut est pretactum” refers back to p. 238, where he was called Archbishop.

^{page 114 note 2} dnc, James, p. 232, 1. 12.

^{page 114 note 3} dnc, James, p. 236, 1. 25.

^{page 114 note 4} dnc, James, p. 241, 11. 15 ff.

^{page 114 note 5} dnc, James, pp. 238, 246-48.

^{page 114 note 6} dnc, James, p. 238, 1. 28.

^{page 114 note 7} dnc, James, p. 237, 11. 5-8.

^{page 114 note 8} dnc, James, pp. 234-36.

^{page 114 note 9} dnc, James, p. 241, 1. 25.

^{page 115 note 1} See pp. 87 f., above.

^{page 115 note 2} dnc, James, pp. 248-49, Map still a courtier; so also, p. 251, 1. 5; pp. 253-55, Henry ii is referred to repeatedly in the present tense.

^{page 115 note 3} dnc, James, p. 253, 1. 7; cf. Roger de Hoveden, ii, p. 215, R. W. Eyton, Court, Household and Itinerary of King Henry ii, p. 231.

^{page 115 note 4} Here and throughout the following discussion, the evidence for the dating may be readily ascertained by reference to my analysis of the Fragment in the preceding pages; hence I spare repetition in footnotes.

^{page 115 note 5} For the convenience of readers who happen to have only the old edition of De Nugis Curialium, I will give references in footnotes to Wright. dnc, Wright, p. 17, 11. 10-15, p. 180, 11. 9-11, 18 ff.

^{page 115 note 6} dnc, Wright, p. 19, 11. 32 ff., p. 153, 11. 19 ff.

^{page 115 note 7} dnc, Wright, p. 19, 11. 24-26, p. 153, 11. 1-2.

^{page 115 note 8} dnc, Wright, p. 8, 1. 20, p. 194, 1. 21.

^{page 115 note 9} dnc, James, p. 19, 11. 1-2, Wright, p. 20, 11. 12-13.

^{page 115 note 10} dnc, James, p. 142, 11. 12-13, Wright, p. 142, 11. 9-10.

^{page 115 note 11} dnc, Wright, p. 15, 11. 2-6, p. 84, 11. 3-6. Servius on Vergil, Ecl. ii, 31; “Nam Pan deus est rusticus in naturae similitudinem formatus, unde et Pan dictus est, id est omne: habet enim cornua in radiorum solis et cornuum lunae similitudinem; rubet eius facies ad aetheris imitationem; in pectore nebridem habet stellatam ad stellarum imaginem; pars eius inferior hispida est propter arbores, virgulta, feras; caprinos pedes habet, ut ostendat terrae soliditatem, etc.” This is quoted by medieval mythologists, cf. A. Mai, Classici Auctores e Vaticanis Codicibus, iii, pp. 46, 102. For tracing the source of Map's description, I am indebted to Dr. James.

^{page 115 note 12} dnc, Wright, p. 2, 11. 1-2, p. 45, 11. 10-11. See Wright's note on p. 1, in which he shows how Map has confused two sentences in Boethius's translation of Porphyrius.

^{page 115 note 13} dnc, Wright, p. 3, 1. 1, p. 67, 1. 12.

^{page 115 note 14} dnc, Wright, p. 165, 11. 34 ff., p. 72, 11. 20-21, p. 75, 1. 12, p. 65, 1. 26.

^{page 115 note 15} dnc, Wright, p. 82, 11. 12-13, p. 168, 11. 1-2.

^{page 115 note 16} dnc, Wright, pp. 79-82, 170.

^{page 115 note 17} dnc, Wright, p. 84, 11. 7-9, p. 156, 11. 3 ff.

^{page 115 note 18} See p. 114, above.

^{page 115 note 19} dnc, James, p. 89: “Compatriotae nostri Walenses, cum omnino sint infideles ad omnes tam ad inuicem quam ad alios, probi tamen sunt, non dico virtute boni vel viribus precipui, sed acerbitate inpugnandi et acredine resistendi, sola scilicet improbitate probi.” pp. 208-09: “Non dico virum bonum, sed probum et improbum. Generositatis est filia bonitas, cuius habere summam dat sapiencia; probitas autem tam est boni quam mali. Bonitas non nisi bonum, probitas utrumque facit. Hunc autem non dico bonum, quia degenerem scio, sed probum, quia strenuus in agendis, audax in periculis, in casus involans, etc.” dnc, Wright, pp. 94, 200.

^{page 115 note 20} dnc, James, p. 104, 11. 8-12; Wright, p. 107, 11. 6-10.

^{page 115 note 21} dnc, James, p. 141, 11. 25-28; Wright, p. 141, 11. 27-30.

^{page 115 note 22} dnc, James, p. 142, 1. 8; Wright, p. 142, 1. 5.

^{page 115 note 23} dnc, James, p. 142, 11. 9-12; Wright, p. 142, 11. 5-9.

^{page 115 note 24} dnc, James, p. 130, 11. 16-18; Wright, p. 131, 11. 1-2.

^{page 115 note 25} dnc, James, p. 140, 1. 27; Wright, p. 140, 1. 26.

^{page 115 note 26} dnc, James, p. 104; Wright, p. 107.

^{page 115 note 27} dnc, James (and Wright), pp. 140-41: he declares “this little book” was written in Henry ii's reign, and that now he has mourned Henry's death two years.

^{page 115 note 28} dnc, James, p. 64: “Duo premisi Dei misericordiam et iudicium continencia, que non solum non deleetant, sed tediosa sunt, et expectantur sicut expetuntur fabule poetarum, uel earum simie;” Wright, p. 68. These words plainly show that fragments of De Nugia were submitted to friends while the book was in preparation. Fragments such as the Valerius, the Incidencia de Monachia, and possibly all Dist. iii were not originally intended for De Nugis, and circulated independently perhaps.

^{page 115 note 29} Felix Liebrecht, Zur Volkskunde, Heilbronn, 1879, pp. 43-45. I hope soon to show that the true source of Ser Giovanni's novella is in the Gemma Ecclesiastica (ii, xii) of Giraldus.

^{page 115 note 30} dnc, James, p. 225; cf. Giraldus Cambrensis, De Instructione Principum, iii, 30.

^{page 115 note 31} See Dr. James's marginal references to Giraldus.

^{page 115 note 32} Dict. Nat'l Biog., vol. lvii, pp. 234-36.

^{page 115 note 33} Annales sex regum Angliae, ed. Thos. Hog (Eng. Hist. Soc. 1845), p. 157. On sources, cf. Gross, Bibliography of English History, p. 305.

^{page 115 note 34} dnc, James, pp. xxxv ff.

^{page 115 note 35} dnc, James, pp. xiii-xiv. In regard to Dr. James's citations: Epistle 14 of Peter of Blois was doubtless written about 1175, soon after Peter left the court to become Archdeacon of Bath; Map's passage, as I have shown, was not written until 1181, and was, I believe, suggested by Peter's letter “to his friends, the clerks of the King's chapel.” Higden's reference is pretty surely to Geoffrey of Monmouth's Walter, Archdeacon of Oxford; its position in Higden's list indicates as much.

^{page 115 note 36} dnc, James, p. 13, 11. 1-11.

^{page 115 note 37} dnc, Wright, p. x.

^{page 115 note 38} dnc, James, p. 13.

^{page 115 note 39} dnc, James, p. xxiv.

^{page 115 note 40} dnc, James, pp. 17-18.

^{page 115 note 41} dnc, James, p. 104.

^{page 115 note 42} dnc, James, p. 130.

^{page 115 note 43} dnc, James, p. 142.

^{page 115 note 44} dnc, James, p. 53.

^{page 115 note 45} dnc, James, p. 18.

^{page 115 note 46} dnc, James, p. 104.

^{page 115 note 47} dnc, James, p. 140.

^{page 115 note 48} dnc, James, p. 204, 11. 7-10.

^{page 115 note 49} dnc, James, pp. 3-4.

^{page 115 note 50} dnc, James, pp. 109-10, 200-01. See also Map's description of his own household, pp. 8-11.

^{page 115 note 51} dnc, James, pp. 106-08.

^{page 115 note 52} dnc, James, p. 136, 11. 1 ff.

^{page 115 note 53} dnc, James, pp. 189-97.

^{page 115 note 54} I have analyzed this story, and compared its episodes with historical, and quasi-historical, sources; the result I hope to publish soon.