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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020
When giving, in his recent article on “Melville's Pierre and Dante's Inferno”, a list of references to pages in the published writings of Herman Melville on which are to be found references and allusions to, and echoes from, Dante, G. Giovannini left unnoticed at least three relevant passages. When Melville wrote in Redburn (1849) that “the scene of suffering is a scene of joy when the suffering is past; and the silent reminiscence of hardships departed is sweeter than the presence of delight”, he quite possibly had in mind Dante's reflection that there is no greater grief than to recall past joys in time of sorrow (Inferno v, 121 ff.), and was consciously inverting it. When writing in Pierre (1852), “Let all hope of moving her be immediately, and once for all, abandoned”, he very probably was influenced by Cary's translation of Inferno III, 9: “All hope abandon …” And when writing in Clarel the following lines (after having already used the phrase “the city Dis”): “They come: the vengeful vixens strive—The harpies, lo—hag, gorgon, drive!” he quite possibly had in mind the three furies at the gate to the City of Dis, who said, “Let Medusa come.”8 Cary calls the Furies “hags” (in line 44 of Canto IX), and refers to Medusa as “the Gorgon” (in line 57).
1 PMLA, LXIV (March, 1949), 70–78.
2 The Works of Herman Melville (London, 1922–24), v, 388.
3 Weaver notes the parallel in Herman Melville, Mariner and Mystic (New York, 1921), p. 109.
4 Works, ix, 455.
5 Written after his return from Palestine in 1857.
6 Works, xiv (vol. i of Clarel), 144. See also Weaver, p. 293; and Israel Potter, in Works, XI, 210 and 212, for further use of “City of Dis.”
7 Works, xv, 97.
8 Inferno, ix, 37–54.