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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 December 2020
Daniel defoe's True Relation of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal must be restudied in the light of a somewhat longer and more detailed account which has escaped attention from students of literature. This neglected version adds considerable information concerning the apparition; when compared with Defoe's less complete report this account makes feasible an analysis of Defoe's treatment of the affair; and it gives so much information concerning the dramatis personae that it is now possible to identify almost all of them.
1 For opportunity to prepare this article the author is grateful to the Richmond Area University Center, which provided a generous grant-in-aid.
2 Joseph Foster, Alumni Oxonienses, 1500-1714 (Oxford, 1891), iii, 1130.
3 Miss O. M. Moger, Honorable Archivist, Exeter Cathedral, to the writer, citing Diocesan Registry Book, Exeter, 225 B., fol. 505 (“Answers to Queries put by the Bishop to Incumbents of Parishes, 1744”).
4 Miss Moger, citing the Dean Prior Register.
5 Since Mrs. Anna Payne was buried 20 Sept. 1739, Mary, a daughter of Thomas Payne baptized 1 Feb. 1740/41, was presumably the child of the second marriage. Judah Payne is first named as the mother of a son named Thomas, baptized 7 April 1745.
6 Miss Moger, citing the Principal Registry of the Bishop of Exeter, Letters and Papers, No. 3653 (a letter from Payne to his Bishop, dated 1 July 1745); Diocesan Registry Book, Exeter, 225 B., fol. 505; and the Bishops' Transcripts for Ide.
7 Calendar of Wills and Administrations relating to the Counties of Devon and Cornwall, ed. Edward Alexander Frye (Plymouth, 1908), p. 150. All records of Payne's will and administration were lost in 1942, when the Probate Registry of Exeter was destroyed.
8 The Rev. Mr. Payne, “An Account of Mrs. Veal's Appearance to Mrs. Bargrave,” in Charles Drelincourt, The Christian's Consolations against the Fears of Death, trans. John Bromwich, i, v-xvi. The text has been prepared from a microfilm of the copy in the British Museum. The Library of Congress was unable to locate a copy in the United States.
9 See Charles H. Firth, “Defoe's True Relation of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal,” RES, vii (Jan. 1931), 1-6.
10 See George A. Aitken, “Defoe's ‘Apparition of Mrs. Veal’, ” Nineteenth Century, xxxvii (Jan. 1895), 95-100.
11 Alumni Cantabrigienses, ed. John and J. A. Venn (Cambridge, 1927), iv, 129.
12 Charles Drelincourt, The Christian's Defence against the Fears of Death, trans. and abridged by J. Spavan (London, 1720), pp. xviii, ii-iii. All subsequent references to Drelincourt in the notes cite this edition.
13 Daniel Defoe, A True Relation of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal, printed with his Fortunate Mistress, Shakespeare Head Press ed. (Oxford, 1927), ii, 233. This edition is a fairly accurate reprint of the first edition.
14 Sir Walter Scott, Memoir of Defoe, reprinted in his Lives of the Novelists,
15 English Literature, 1650-1800, ed. John C. Mendenhall (Chicago, 1940), p. 418, reprinting from the 1707 edition of Drelincourt.
16 Aitken, xxxvii, 98.
17 Defoe, A True Relation of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal (London, 1706), p. 9. This edition is used for this unique reference because later editions omit this advertisement.
18 In an article forthcoming in PQ the writer expects to exhibit more fully Mrs. Bargrave's part in the story.
19 William Berry, County Genealogies, Pedigrees of the Families in Kent (London, 1830), pp. 2-3.
20 Calendar of Treasury Books, xix, 494. See also ix, Part ii, 632-633; and Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1689-90, p. 210; C.S.P.Dom., 1694-95, p. 380; and C.S.P.Dom., 1702-03, passim.
21 W. Miller Higgs, F.S.G., citing the Baptismal Register of St. Mary's, Dover.
22 Tanner MSS. in the Bodleian, as quoted by the Rev. C. Eveleigh Woodruff, “Letters Relating to the Condition of the Church in Kent,” Archaeologica Cantiana, xxi (1895), 177-178.
23 William Boys, Collections for an History of Sandwich (Canterbury, “1892” [1792]), pp. 309, 329.
24 Transcripts of the registers of St. Mary's, Sandwich, kindly made for the author by the Rector, the Rev. A. R. Ferguson.
25 The Reverend John Lyon, The History of the Town and Port of Dover (Dover, 1813), i, 98-116; An Inventory of the Registers and other Records in the Diocese of Canterbury, ed. C. Eveleigh Woodruff (Canterbury, 1922), pp. 217-219.
26 On 3 Nov. 1716 aMargaret Watson, of St. Margaret's Parish, married a Henry Bennett, of St. Andrew's. Register Book of Christninges, Marriages, and Burialls within … Canterburie, ed. Robert Hovenden (London, 1878), p. 73.
27 The Visitation of Gloucester, 1682-83, ed. T. Fitz-Roy Fenwick and Walter C. Metcalfe (Exeter, 1884), pp. 191-192; and London Marriage Licenses, from excerpts by Joseph L. Chester, ed. Joseph Foster (London, 1887), col. 1384.
28 Calendar of Treasury Books, iv, 634. See also iv, 625; vii, Part i, 130; viii, iii, 1560-61, Part iv, 1958; ix, i, 174, Part ii, 680-681, Part iv, 1400.
29 His career can be followed in numerous references in The Calendar of Treasury Books.
30 C.S.P. Dom., 1682, p. 102.
31 C.S.P. Dom., 1683-84, p. 387.
32 Calendar of Treasury Books, ix, Part iv, 1819. See also X, i, 428; xiii, 173; xiv, 191, 361; xv, 310; xvii, i, 295, 456.
33 Ibid., xviii, 387.
34 Aitken, xxxvii, 99.
35 William Minet, “Daniel Defoe and Kent,” Archaeol. Cantiana, xxxi (1915), 61-75.
36 English Army Lists, ed. Charles Dalton (London, 1892-1904), v, ii, 22 n.; The Marriage, Baptismal, and Burial Registers of the Collegiate Church of St. Peter, Westminster, ed. Joseph L. Chester, Harleian Soc. Publ. 10 (London, 1876), pp. 337-338.