Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-rkxrd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-16T12:44:33.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studies on the morphology, biology and development of a strigeid cercaria (Cercaria X Baylis 1930)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

David A. Erasmus
David A. Erasmus
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology, University College, Cardiff
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

1. Cercaria X (Baylis & Taylor, 1930) and its sporocyst have been redescribed with some additions to the original descriptions.

2. The details of the development of the cercaria into a metacercaria of the diplostomulum type have been obtained and the anatomy of the mature metacercaria is described in detail for the first time. It is proposed to name the metacercaria Diplostomulum X. Development of the cercaria into a metacercaria takes from 40 to 90 days and the metacercariae have been shown to survive for a period of 544 days after the time of infection. This development has been obtained in the lenses of rats, frogs and a wide variety of fish. Development is not completed in any other region of the host's body.

3.The effect of the sporocyst, migration of the cercariae, and the metacercaria on the appropriate host tissues has been considered. All these stages produce extensive changes in the host tissues.

4. Histochemical tests have shown the presence of alkaline phosphatase activity in the cuticle of the sporocyst. The glycogen storage regions of the cercaria are described and it has been demonstrated that the caudal bodies in the tail-stem contain large amounts of glycogen which are utilized during the free-swimming period.

5. Attempts at the completion of the life cycle were unsuccessful.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 48 , Issue 3-4 , November 1958 , pp. 312 - 335
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1958

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agersborg, H. P. K. (1924). Studies on the effect of parasites upon the tissues. I. With special reference to certain gastropod molluscs. Quart. J. Micr. Sci. 68, 361–403.Google Scholar
Ashworth, J. H. & Bannerman, J. C. W. (1927). On a Tetracotyle (T. phoxini) in the brain of the minnow. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 55, 159–74.Google Scholar
Azim, M. A. (1935). Entwicklungsgeschichte von Apharyngostrigea ibis n.sp. und seine Entwicklung aus Cercaria Apharyngostrigea ibis n.sp. in dem Reiher Ardeola ibis. Z. Parasitenk. 7, 608–14.Google Scholar
Baylis, H. A. (1939). A larval trematode (Diplostomulum volvens) in the lens of the eye of a rainbow trout. Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond. 151, 130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baylis, H. A. & Taylor, E. L. (1930). Observations and experiments on a dermatitis producing cercaria and other cercaria from Lymnaea stagnalis in Great Britain. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 24, 219–44.Google Scholar
Bolles, Lee (1946). The Microtomist's Vade-mecum, 10th ed.London: J. and A. Churchill Ltd.Google Scholar
Bosma, N. (1934). The life-history of the trematode Alaria mustelae. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 53, 116–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, A. W. (1899). On Tetracotyle petromyzontis, a parasite of the brain of Ammocoetes. Quart. J. Micr. Sci. 41, 489–99.Google Scholar
Brown, F. J. (1926). Some fresh-water larval trematodes, with contribution to their life-history. Parasitology, 18, 21–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, F. J. (1931). Some fresh-water larval trematodes from Cheshire. Parasitology, 23, 88–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carleton, H. M. & Leach, E. H. (1938). Histological Technique, 2nd ed.London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chandler, A. (1942). The morphology and life-cycle of a new strigeid trematode Fibricola texensis. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 61, 156–67.Google Scholar
Cort, W. W. (1917). Homologies of the excretory system of the fork-tailed cercariae. J. Parasit. 4, 49–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cort, W. W. & Brooks, S. T. (1928). Studies on the trematode family Strigeid, No. VIII. Studies on the holostome cercariae from Douglas Lake, Michigan. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 47, 179–221.Google Scholar
Cuckler, A. C. (1949). Morphological and biological studies on certain strigeid trematodes of mammals. Summaries of Ph.D. Theses. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 4, 45–7.Google Scholar
Davis, D. J. (1936). Report on the preparation of a histolytic ferment present in the bodies of cercariae. J. Parasit. 22, 108–10.Google Scholar
Dawes, B. (1952). Trematode life-cycle enacted in a London pond. Nature, Lond., 170, 72–3.Google Scholar
Dubois, G. (1929). Les cercaires de la région de Neuchâtel. Bull. Soc. neuchâtel. Sci. nat. 53, 1–177.Google Scholar
Dubois, G. (1938). Monographie des Strigeida (Trematoda). Mém. Soc. neuchâtel. Sci. nat. 6, 1–535.Google Scholar
Dubois, G. (1953). Systématique des Strigeida. Complément de la Mém. Soc. neuchâtel. Sci. nat. 8, 1–141.Google Scholar
Erasmus, D. A. (1957). Studies on the phosphatase systems of Cestodes. Part 1. The enzymes present in Taenia pisiformis (Cysticercus and adult). Parasitology, 47, 70–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erasmus, D. A. (1957). The phosphatase systems of Cestodes. Part 2. Studies on Cysticercus tenuicollis and Moniezia expansa (adult). Parasitology, 47, 81–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faust, E. C. (1917). Notes on the cercariae of the Bitter Root Valley, Montana. J. Parasit. 3, 105–23.Google Scholar
Faust, E. C. (1920). Pathological changes in the gastropod liver produced by fluke infections. Johns Hopk. Hosp. Bull. 31, 79–84.Google Scholar
Ferguson, M. S. (1936). Experimental studies on Neascus vancleavei. J. Parasit. 22, 544.Google Scholar
Ferguson, M. S. (1940). Excystment and sterilization of metacercariae of the avian strigeid trematode Posthodiplostomum minimum, and their development into adult worms in sterile cultures. J. Parasit. 26, 359–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraipont, J. (1880). Recherches sur l'appareil excréteur des trématodes et des cestodes. Arch. Biol., Paris, 1, 415–56.Google Scholar
Glick, D. (1949). Techniques of Histo- and Cytochemistry, 1st ed., 531 pp., 159 text-figs. New York: Interscience Publishers.Google Scholar
Gulliver, G. (1870). On certain points in the anatomy and economy of the lampreys. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 10, 844–50.Google Scholar
Gulliver, G. (1872). Note without title. Quart. J. Micr. Sci. 12, 102–3.Google Scholar
Harper, F. W. (1931). On the structure and life-histories of British fresh-water furcocercariae. Parasitology, 23, 310–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hesse, A. J. (1932). A description of two cercariae found in Lymnaea pereger in Scotland. J. Helminth. 1, 227–36.Google Scholar
Hoffman, G. L. (1956). The life-cycle of Crassiphiala bulboglossa (Trematoda: Strigeida). Development of the metacercariae and cyst, and effect on the fish hosts. J. Parasit. 42, 435–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hugghins, E. J. (1953). Life history of a strigeid trematode. Hysteromorpha triloba (Rud, 1819), Lutz, 1931. J. Parasit. 39, 15–16.Google Scholar
Hughes, R. C. (1929 a). Studies on the trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae). No. XIV. Two new species of Diplostomula. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., no. 202. 1–29.Google Scholar
Hughes, R. C. (1929 b). Studies on the trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae), No. XIX. Diplostomulum scheuringi sp.nov. and D. vegrandis (La Rue). J. Parasit. 15, 267–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, R. C. & Berkhout, P. G. (1929). Studies on the trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae). No. XV. Diplostomulum gigas, sp.nov. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 10, 438–88.Google Scholar
Hughes, R. C. & Hall, L. J. (1929). Studies on the trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae). No. XVI. Diplostomulum huronense (La Rue). Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 10, 489–94.Google Scholar
Hunter, G. W. (1936). Penetration of the common sunfish by the holostome cercaria C. multicellulata. J. Parasit. 22, 542.Google Scholar
Hunter, G. W. & Hunter, W. S. (1934). The life history of the black grub of Bass, Crassiphiala amblophitis (Hughes). J. Parasit. 20, 328.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. H. & Angel, L. M. (1941). Life-cycle of the Trematode Diplostomum murrayense J. & C. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 65, 140–4.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. H. & Angel, L. M. (1951). The morphology and life-cycle of the Trematode Apatemon intermedius, from the black swan. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 74, 66–78.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. H. & Beckwith, A. C. (1947). Larval trematodes from Australian freshwater molluscs. Part XI. Rec. S. Austr. Mus. 8, 563–83.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. H. & Cleland, E. R. (1938). Larval trematodes from Australian terrestrial and freshwater molluscs. Part IV. Cercaria (Furcocercaria) murrayensis n.sp. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 62, 127–31.Google Scholar
Johnston, T. H. & Simpson, E. R. (1939). The diplostomulum stage of Cercaria murrayensis. Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Aust. 63, 230–7.Google Scholar
Komiya, Y. (1938). Die Entwicklung des Excretionsystems einiger Trematodenlarven aus Alter und Elbe, nebst Bemerkungen über ihren Entwicklungszyklus. Zeit. Parasitenk. 10, 340–85.Google Scholar
Lal, M. B. (1953). A new trematode metacercaria from the eyes of Trout. Nature, Lond., 171, 130.Google Scholar
Levine, M. D., Garzoli, R. F., Kuntz, R. E. & Killough, J. H. (1948). On the demonstration of hyaluronidase in cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Parasit. 34, 158–62.Google Scholar
Lewert, R. M. & Lee, C. L. (1954). Studies on the passage of helminth larvae through host tissues. J. Infect. Dis. 95, 13–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lewert, R. M. & Lee, C. L. (1956). Quantitative studies of the collagenase-like enzymes of cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and the larvae of Strongyloides ratti. J. Infect. Dis. 99, 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathias, P. (1922). Cycle évolutif d'un trématode holostomidae (Strigea tarda, Steenstrup). C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, 175, 599–602.Google Scholar
Miller, H. M. (1923). Notes on some furcocercous larval trematodes. J. Parasit. 10, 35–46.Google Scholar
Miller, H. M. (1926). Comparative studies on furcocercous cercariae. Illinois Biol. Monogr. 10, 1–112.Google Scholar
Nicoll, W. (1912). On two new larval trematodes from the striped snake (Tropidonotus ordinatus sirtalis). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. pp. 767–70.Google Scholar
Odlaug, T. (1940). Morphology and life-history of the trematode Alaria intermedia. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 59, 490–510.Google Scholar
Olivier, L. (1940). Life-history studies on two strigeid trematodes of the Douglas Lake region, Michigan. J. Parasit. 26, 447–77.Google Scholar
Olivier, L. & Cort, W. W. (1941). Cercaria douglasi (Cort, 1917) and its relationship to the cercaria of Cotylurus flabelliformis (Faust, 1917). J. Parasit. 27, 343–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, J. C. (1956). Studies on the life-cycles and morphology of the larval stages of Alaria arisaemoides Augustine and Uribe, 1927 and Alaria canis La Rue and Fallis, 1936 (Trematoda: Diplostomidae). Canad. J. Zool. 34, 295–387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, I. & Barton, G. D. (1941). The effects of four species of larval trematodes upon the liver and ovotestis of the snail, Stagnicola emarginata angulata (Sowerby). J. Parasit. 27, 283–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratt, I. & Lindquist, W. D. (1943). The modification of the digestive gland tubules in the snail Stagnicola following parasitization. J. Parasit. 29, 176–81.Google Scholar
Rees, G. (1931). Some observations and experiments on the biology of larval trematodes. Parasitology, 23, 428–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rees, G. (1932). An investigation into the occurrence, structure and life-histories of the trematode parasites of four species of Lymnaea and Hydrobia jenkinsi (Smith) in Glamorgan and Monmouth. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. pp. 1–32.Google Scholar
Rees, G. (1955). The adult and diplostomulum stage Diplostomulum phoxini (Faust) of Diplostomulum pelmatoides Dubois and an experimental demonstration of part of the life-cycle. Parasitology, 45, 295–312.Google Scholar
Rees, G. (1956). Personal communication.Google Scholar
Rees, W. J. (1936). The effects of parasitism by larval trematodes on the tissues of Littorina littorea (Linne). Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. pp. 357–72.Google Scholar
Rothschild, M. (1936). Gigantism and variation in Peringia ulvae Pennant 1777, caused by infection with larval trematodes. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 20, 537–46.Google Scholar
La Rue, G. (1927). Studies on the trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae). No. V. Proalaria huronensis sp.nov. Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 46, 26–35.Google Scholar
Rushton, W. (1937). Blindness in fresh-water fish. Nature, Lond., 140, 1114.Google Scholar
Rushton, W. (1938). Blindness in fresh-water fish. Nature, Lond., 141, 289.Google Scholar
Sewell, R. B. S. (1922). Cercariae Indicae. Indian. J. Med. Res. 10, 1–370.Google Scholar
Szidat, L. (1924). Beiträge zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Holostomiden II. Zool. Anz. 61, 249–66.Google Scholar
Szidat, L. (1929). Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Holostomiden III. Ueber zwei Tetracotyle aus Hirudineen und ihre Weiterentwicklung in Enten zu Cotylurus cornutus Rud. und Apatemon gracilis Rud. Zool. Anz. 86, 133–49.Google Scholar
Szidat, L. (1931). Beiträge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Holostomiden IV. Die Cercarie des Entenparasiten Apatemon (Strigea) gracilis Rud und ihre Entwicklung im Blutgefassystem des Zwischenwirtes (Herpobdella atomaria Car.). Z. Parasitenk. 3, 160–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szidat, L. (1935). Warum wirft der Storch seine Jungen aus dem Nest? Ein Beitrag zur Brutbiologie und Oekologie des weissen Storches (Ciconia ciconia L.), sowie zur Kenntnis seiner Parasitenfauna. J. Orn., Lpz. 83, 76–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Haitsma, J. P. (1930). Studies on the Trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae). No. XXI. Life-cycle and description of the cercaria of Cotylurus michiganensis (La Rue). J. Parasit. 16, 224–30.Google Scholar
Van Haitsma, J. P. (1931 a). Studies on the trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae), No. XXII. Cotylurus flabelliformis (Faust) and its life-history. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 13, 447–82.Google Scholar
Van Haitsma, J. P. (1931 b). Studies on the trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae). No. XXIII. Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks) and stages in its life-history. Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. 13, 483–516.Google Scholar
Wallace, F. G. (1939). The life-history of Pharyngostomum cordatum (Alariidae). Trans. Amer. Micr. Soc. 58, 49–61.Google Scholar