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Spread of parasites in metapopulations: an experimental study of the effects of host migration rate and local host population size

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2004

J. E. LOPEZ ,
L. P. GALLINOT  and
M. J. WADE
J. E. LOPEZ
Affiliation:
Biology Department, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA Current address: Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI 49401, USA.
L. P. GALLINOT
Affiliation:
Biology Department, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
M. J. WADE
Affiliation:
Biology Department, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Abstract

We established experimental metapopulations of the flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, and its ectoparasitic mite, Acarophenax tribolii, to investigate the effects of host migration rate and local host population size on the spread of mite infections. Global prevalence across our metapopulations was less than half the observed within-patch prevalence, so that spatial structure alone afforded a great deal of protection to hosts against parasite infection. Our results showed further that migration played a determining role in occupancy, the number of patches infected within a metapopulation, while host population size played a determining role in local prevalence, the fraction of hosts infected within local patches. Local and global prevalence appeared to reach equilibrium levels on 2 different time-scales. Local host prevalence reached equilibrium values within 30 days of receiving an infected host migrant. Global prevalence increased more slowly and was clearly dependent upon occupancy, the number of host patches with at least 1 infected host, which in turn depended on the level of host migration among host patches. The effect of population size was not limited to local prevalence in patches without spatial structure but extended to sets of patches across the metapopulation. Lloyd's index of patchiness differed significantly between metapopulations with small versus large numbers of hosts. Although parasites were aggregated on hosts for both local patch sizes, they tended to aggregate to a much greater degree at the smaller host patch size. We discuss our empirical findings in light of current epidemiological theory.

Keywords

metapopulationprevalencehost-parasite interactionshost population sizeLloyd's indexpatchinessspatial structureparasite distribution
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 130 , Issue 3 , March 2005 , pp. 323 - 332
Copyright
2004 Cambridge University Press

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