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The role of the lipophosphoglycan of Leishmania in vector competence

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

D. L. Sacks ,
E. M. Saraiva ,
E. Rowton ,
S. J. Turco  and
P. F. Pimenta
D. L. Sacks
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
E. M. Saraiva
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
E. Rowton
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307
S. J. Turco
Affiliation:
Department of Biochemistry, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, KY 40536
P. F. Pimenta
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Summary

The surface lipophosphoglycans (LPG) of Leishmania promastigotes express stage- and species-specific polymorphisms that are defined by variations in the type and number of phosphorylated oligosaccharide repeats. We have studied how these polymorphic structures control the development of transmissible infections in the sandfly vector as well as the species-specificity of vectorial competence. Procyclic promastigotes displayed an inherent capacity to bind to midgut epithelial cells of a competent vector. This capacity was lost during their transformation to metacyclic promastigotes, permitting the selective release and anterior migration of infective-stage parasites for subsequent transmission by bite. Midgut attachment and release were found to be controlled by developmental modifications in terminally exposed saccharides on LPG, which, depending on the species of Leishmania, involved either substitution or capping of terminal side-chain sugars, loss of terminal side-chain sugars, substitution or loss of neutral capping sugars. The stage-specific terminal sugars involved in midgut adhesion are, in some cases, also species-specific, and the extent to which these differences affect midgut attachment, forcefully predicted vectorial competence.

Keywords

Leishmanialipophosphoglycansandfliesvector competence.
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 108 , supplement S1: Symposia of the British Society for Parasitology Volume 31:Functional molecules on the surface of protozoan parasites , March 1994 , pp. S55 - S62
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1994

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