Hostname: page-component-6bf8c574d5-xtvcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-16T19:32:18.290Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A review of sarcocystosis in camels and redescription of Sarcocystis cameli and Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts from the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 July 2015

J. P. DUBEY ,
M. HILALI ,
E. VAN WILPE ,
R. CALERO-BERNAL ,
S. K. VERMA  and
I. E. ABBAS
J. P. DUBEY*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
M. HILALI
Affiliation:
Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
E. VAN WILPE
Affiliation:
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa
R. CALERO-BERNAL
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
S. K. VERMA
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, USA
I. E. ABBAS
Affiliation:
Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt
*
* Corresponding author. USDA, ARS, APDL, BARC-East, Building 1001, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

There is considerable confusion concerning Sarcocystis species in camels. Five species: Sarcocystis cameli, Sarcocystis ippeni, Sarcocystis camelicanis, Sarcocystis camelocanis and Sarcocystis miescheri were named with inadequate descriptions and no type specimens. Here, we review literature on sarcocystosis in camels worldwide and redescribe structure of S. cameli and S. ippeni sarcocysts by light- and transmission electron microscopy (LM and TEM). Eight sarcocysts from the oesophagi of two camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Egypt were studied. By LM, all sarcocysts were thin-walled with barely visible projections on the cyst walls. By TEM, two structurally distinct sarcocysts were recognized by unique villar protrusions (vp) not found in sarcocysts from any other host. Sarcocysts of S. cameli had vp of type 9j. The sarcocyst wall had upright slender vp, up to 3·0 µ m long and 0·5 µ m wide; the total thickness of the sarcocyst wall with ground substance (gs) layer was 3·5 µ m. On each vp, there were rows of knob-like protrusions that appeared to be interconnected. The vp had microtubules that originated at midpoint of the gs and continued up to the tip; microtubules were smooth, without any granules or dense areas. Bradyzoites were approximately 14–15 × 3–4 µ m in size with typical organelles. Sarcocystis ippeni sarcocysts had type 32 sarcocyst wall characterized by conical vp with an electron dense knob. The total thickness of the sarcocyst wall (from the base of gs to vp tip) was 2·3–3·0 µ m. The vp were up to 1·2 µ m wide at the base and 0·25 µ m at the tip. Microtubules in vp originated at midpoint of gs and continued up to tip; microtubules were criss-crossed, smooth and without granules or dense areas. Bradyzoites were 12·0–13·5 × 2·0–3·0 µ m in size. Sarcocystis camelicanis, S. camelocanis and S. miescheri are considered invalid.

Keywords

Sarcocystis cameliSarcocystis ippenione-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)electron microscopyultrastructure
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 12 , October 2015 , pp. 1481 - 1492
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abdel Ghaffar, F., Entzeroth, R., Chobotar, B. and Scholtyseck, E. (1979). Ultrastructural studies of Sarcocystis sp. from the camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt. Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 30, 434–438.Google Scholar
Abdel-Ghaffar, F., Mehlhorn, H., Bashtar, A. R., Al-Rasheid, K., Sakran, T. and El-Fayoumi, H. (2009). Life cycle of Sarcocystis camelicanis infecting the camel (Camelus dromedarius) and the dog (Canis familiaris), light and electron microscopic study. Parasitology Research 106, 189–195.Google Scholar
Al-Goraishy, S. A. R., Bashtar, A. R., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S. and Abdel-Ghaffar, F. A. (2004). Prevalence and ultrastructure of Sarcocystis species infecting camels (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 11, 135–142.Google Scholar
Dubey, J. P., Speer, C. A. and Fayer, R. (1989). Sarcocystosis of Animals and Man. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA, pp. 1–215 Google Scholar
Dubey, J. P., Calero-Bernal, R., Rosenthal, B. M., Speer, C. A. and Fayer, R. (2015). Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans, 2nd Edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA (In press).Google Scholar
Entzeroth, R., Abdel Ghaffar, F., Chobotar, B. and Scholtyseck, E. (1981). Fine structural study of Sarcocystis sp. from Egyptian camels (Camelus dromedarius). Acta Veterinaria Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 29, 335–339.Google Scholar
Fatani, A., Hilali, M., Al-Atiya, S. and Al-Shami, S. (1996a). Prevalence of Sarcocystis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Veterinary Parasitology 62, 241–245.Google Scholar
Fatani, A., El-Sebaie, A. and Hilali, M. (1996b). Clinical and haematobiochemical changes in camels (Camelus dromedarius) experimentally inoculated with Sarcocystis cameli . Journal of Camel Practice and Research June issue, 11–15.Google Scholar
Fukuyo, M., Battsetseg, G. and Byambaa, B. (2002). Prevalence of Sarcocystis infection in meat-producing animals in Mongolia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 33, 490–495.Google Scholar
Hagi, A. B., Hassan, A. M. and Di Sacco, B. (1989). Sarcocystis in Somali camel. Parassitologia 31, 133–136.Google Scholar
Hamidinejat, H., Hekmatimoghaddam, S., Jafari, H., Sazmand, A., Molayan, P. H., Derakhshan, L. and Mirabdollahi, S. (2013). Prevalence and distribution patterns of Sarcocystis in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Yazd province, Iran. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 37, 163–165.Google Scholar
Heydorn, A. O., Gestrich, R., Mehlhorn, H. and Rommel, M. (1975). Proposal for a new nomenclature of the Sarcosporidia. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde (Now Parasitology Research) 48, 73–82.Google Scholar
Hilali, M. and Mohamed, A. (1980). The dog (Canis familiaris) as the final host of Sarcocystis cameli (Mason, 1910). Tropenmedizin und Parasitologie 31, 213–214.Google Scholar
Hilali, M., Imam, E. S. and Hassan, A. (1982). The endogenous stages of Sarcocystis cameli (Mason, 1910). Veterinary Parasitology 11, 127–129.Google Scholar
Hilali, M., Nassar, A. M. and El-Ghaysh, A. (1992). Camel (Camelus dromedarius) and sheep (Ovis aries) meat as a source of dog infection with some coccidian parasites. Veterinary Parasitology 43, 37–43.Google Scholar
Hilali, M., Fatani, A. and Al-Atiya, S. (1995). Isolation of tissue cysts of Toxoplasma, Isospora, Hammondia and Sarcocystis from camel (Camelus dromedarius) meat in Saudi Arabia. Veterinary Parasitology 58, 353–356.Google Scholar
Hussein, H. S. and Warrag, M. (1985). Prevalence of Sarcocystis in food animals in the Sudan. Tropical Animal Health and Production 17, 100–101.Google Scholar
Ishag, M. Y., El Amin, E. A. and Osman, A. Y. (2001). Camel experimentally infected with Sarcocystis . Sudan Journal of Veterinary Research 17, 27–33.Google Scholar
Ishag, M. Y., Majid, A. M. and Magzoub, A. M. (2006). Isolation of a new Sarcocystis species from Sudanese camels (Camelus dromedarius). International Journal of Tropical Medicine 1, 167–169.Google Scholar
Kirmse, P. and Mohanbabu, B. (1986). Sarcocystis sp. in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) from Afghanistan. British Veterinary Journal 142, 73–74.Google Scholar
Kuraev, G. T. (1981). Morphology of sarcocysts from naturally infected camels. Khimioprofilaktika 1, 91–92 (In Russian).Google Scholar
Latif, B. M. A. and Khamas, W. A. (2007). Light and ultrastructural morphology of sarcocystiosis in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in northern Jordan. Journal of Camel Practice and Research 14, 45–48.Google Scholar
Latif, B. M. A., Al-Delemi, J. K., Mohammed, B. S., Al-Bayati, S. M. and Al-Amiry, A. M. (1999). Prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in meat-producing animals in Iraq. Veterinary Parasitology 84, 85–90.Google Scholar
Levine, N. D. (1977). Nomenclature of Sarcocystis in the ox and sheep and of fecal coccidia of the dog and cat. Journal of Parasitology 63, 36–51.Google Scholar
Mandour, A. M., Rabie, S. A., Mohammed, N. I. and Hussein, N. M. (2011). On the presence of Sarcocystis miescheri sp. nov. in camels of Qena Governorate. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences 3, 1–7.Google Scholar
Mason, F. E. (1910). Sarcocysts in the camel in Egypt. Journal of Comparative Pathology and Therapeutics 23, 168–176.Google Scholar
Motamedi, G. R., Dalimi, A., Nouri, A. and Aghaeipour, K. (2011). Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of Sarcocystis isolated from camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Iran. Parasitology Research 108, 949–954.Google Scholar
Odening, K. (1997). Die Sarcocystis-Infektion: Wechselbeziehungen zwischen freilebenden Wildtieren, Haustieren und Zootieren. Zoologische Garten 67, 317–340.Google Scholar
Ranga Rao, G. S. C., Sharma, R. L. and Shah, H. L. (1997). Occurrence of Sarcocystis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) in India. Indian Veterinary Journal 74, 426.Google Scholar
Sakran, T., Abdel-Aziz, M. A. and Abdel-Ghaffar, F. A. (1995). Light and electron microscopic studies of sarcocysts parasitizing the camel (Camelus dromedarius) as intermediate host and the dog (Canis familiaris) as final host. Journal of Union of Arab Biologists Cairo 4, 27–47.Google Scholar
Shazly, M. A. (2000). Light and electron microscopic studies on Sarcocystis infecting the dromedaries (Camelus dromedarius) in Saudi Arabia. Egyptian Journal of Zoology 35, 273–285.Google Scholar
Shekarforoush, S. S., Shakerian, A. and Hasanpoor, M. M. (2006). Prevalence of Sarcocystis in slaughtered one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Iran. Tropical Animal Health and Production 38, 301–303.Google Scholar
Valinezhad, A., Oryan, A. and Ahmadi, N. (2008). Sarcocystis and its complications in camels (Camelus dromedarius) of eastern provinces of Iran. Korean Journal of Parasitology 46, 229–234.Google Scholar
Van den Berg Weermans, M. A. and Dingemans, K. P. (1984). Rapid deparaffinization for electron microscopy. Ultrastructural Pathology 7, 55–57.Google Scholar
Woldemeskel, M., Gumi, B. (2001). Prevalence of sarcocysts in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) from southern Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B 48, 223–226.Google Scholar