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Resistance to Onchocerca lienalis microfilariae in mice conferred by egg antigens of homologous and heterologous Onchocerca species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

C. K. S. Carlow  and
A. E. Bianco
C. K. S. Carlow*
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Helminthology, Winches Farm Field Station, 395 Hatfield Road, St Albans AL4 0XQ
A. E. Bianco
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medical Helminthology, Winches Farm Field Station, 395 Hatfield Road, St Albans AL4 0XQ
*
*Reprint requests to: Dr C. K. S. Carlow, Molecular Parasitology Group, New England Biolabs, 32 Tozer Road, Beverly, MA 01915, USA.
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Extract

Embryonic stages of various Onchocerca species have been used to stimulate resistance in CBA mice to challenge injections with the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis. Comparable levels of resistance to challenge (29–37% reductions) were conferred by living, freeze-killed, or sonicated organisms administered with Freunds‘ Complete Adjuvant (FCA). Antigens extracted in saline, or with the detergent sodium deoxycholate, were also protective. Adjuvants enhanced the protective effect, particularly FCA (78% reduction), Freunds‘ Incomplete Adjuvant (74% reduction), aluminium hydroxide (70% reduction) and Bordetella pertussis (70% reduction). Detergent extracts prepared from intact embryos with n-octyl glucoside also stimulated significant levels of protection against microfilarial challenge when given with FCA (37–45% reductions). Levels of resistance induced by immunizations with intact organisms were greatest following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection over the neck or by intramuscular inoculation. Soluble extracts were also particially effective given by s.c. inguinal or intraperitoneal injection. A time-interval of greater than 3 weeks between the completion of immunization and challenge was required for the expression of immunity. Cross-protection against challenge with O. lienalis microfilariae was also afforded to mice by immunization with intact embryos or detergent extracts of Onchocerca gutturosa (45 and 34% reductions), Onchocerca gibsoni (66 and 47% reductions) or Onchocerca volvulus (58 and 41% reductions). It is concluded that the embryonic stages of both human and animal parasites provide a source of cross-protective antigens of value in studies on resistance to Onchocerca microfilariae in experimental hosts.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 94 , Issue 3 , June 1987 , pp. 485 - 496
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

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