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New species of Myxosporea from frogs and resurrection of the genus Cystodiscus Lutz, 1889 for species with myxospores in gallbladders of amphibians

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2012

ASHLIE HARTIGAN ,
IVAN FIALA ,
IVA DYKOVÁ ,
KARRIE ROSE ,
DAVID N. PHALEN  and
JAN ŠLAPETA
ASHLIE HARTIGAN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
IVAN FIALA
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
IVA DYKOVÁ
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
KARRIE ROSE
Affiliation:
Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
DAVID N. PHALEN
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
JAN ŠLAPETA*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
*
*Corresponding author: McMaster Building B14, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. Tel: +61 2 9251 2025. Fax: +61 2 935 17348. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Two new myxosporean species in the gallbladders of frogs have recently spread across eastern Australia and cause disease. Cystodiscus axonis sp. n. and Cystodiscus australis sp. n. are species of Myxosporea (Myxozoa) identified from a range of Australian frogs and tadpoles including the introduced Cane toad (Rhinella marina). The new species are defined by their distinct genetic lineage, myxospore morphology and ultrastructure of the pre-sporogonic development. Spores of both species are produced in the gallbladder. Spores of C. axonis sp. n. possess distinct filiform polar appendages (FPA). The pre-sporogonic development of C. axonis sp. n. is within myelinated axons in the central nervous system of hosts, as well as bile ducts of tadpoles. Pre-sporogonic and sporogonic development of C. australis sp. n. is confined to tadpole bile ducts and myxospores of C. australis sp. n. are devoid of FPA. The genus Cystodiscus Lutz, 1889 introduced for Cystodiscus immersus Lutz, 1889 is emended to accompany myxosporean parasites affecting amphibians previously classified in the genus Myxidium sensu lato. A synopsis of described species within Cystodiscus is provided.

Keywords

Cystodiscus axonisCystodiscus australisnew speciesMyxidiumMyxosporeaamphibiansfrogstadpolesbrainliverdiseasephylogeny
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 139 , Issue 4 , April 2012 , pp. 478 - 496
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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Hartigan Supplementary Figure

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Hartigan Supplementary Table

Supplementary Table 1. Myxosporean species DNA used for specificity test of Cystodiscus spp. with species specific multiplex PCR

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