Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T14:35:57.414Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Melanization and encapsulation in Aedes aegypti and Aedes togoi in response to parasitization by a filarioid nematode (Breinlia booliati)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

B.C. Ho ,
E.-H. Yap  and
M. Singh
B.C. Ho
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
E.-H. Yap
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
M. Singh
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In Aedes aegypti (Singapore strain), a refractory host, there was a marked progressive decline of developing larvae of Breinlia booliati during the incubation period. However, in Aedes togoi, a susceptible host, the filarial larvae developed normally and the number of larvae remained constant throughout the incubation period. Encapsulation and melanization of B. booliati larvae in Ae. aegypti and Ae. togoi were studied. Ae. togoi occasionally mounted a defence reaction to the infection. In Ae. aegypti, various stages of filarial larvae were frequently affected by the defence mechanisms of the host, and a relatively large number of melanized larvae were recovered in dissections throughout the incubation period. The process of melanization is described and the relationship between melanization and haemocytes of mosquitoes is discussed. Haemocytes of the mosquito host appeared to be involved in the encapsulation of filarial larvae, as evidenced by adherence of cells to the cuticle of the larvae and the formation of a translucent, gelatinous envelope which contained intact cells, necrotic cells, spaces and numerous whitish granules. The possible involvement of a humoral reaction in bringing about the degeneration and retardation of the filarial larvae is discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , December 1982 , pp. 567 - 575
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bhat, U. K. M. & Singh, K. R. P. (1975). The haemocytes of mosquito Aedes albopictus and their comparison with larval cells cultured in vitro. Experientia 31, 1331–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bronskill, J. F. (1962). Encapsulation of rhabditoid nematodes in mosquitoes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 40, 1269–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brug, S. L. (1932). Chitinization of parasites in mosquitoes. Bulletin of Entomological Research 23, 229–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, S. N. & Howells, R. E. (1979). The uptake in vitro of dyes, monosaccharides and amino acids by the filarial worm Brugia pahangi. Parasitology 78, 343–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denham, D. A. & McGreevy, P. B. (1977). Brugian filariasis: epidemiological and experimental studies. Advances in Parasitology 15, 243–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Esslinger, J. H. (1962). Behaviour of microfilarias of Brugia pahangi in Anopheles quadrimaculatus. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 11, 749–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawking, F. & Worms, M. J. (1961). Transmission of filarioid nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology 6, 413–32.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Highby, P. R. (1943). Mosquito vectors and larval development of Dipetalontma arbuta Highby (Nematoda) from the porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum. Journal of Parasitology 29, 243–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, B.-C., Singh, M., Yap, E.-H. & Lim, B. L. (1975). Studies on the Malayan forest rat filaria, Breinlia booliati (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae): Transmission to laboratory rats. International Journal for Parasitology 6, 113–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ho, B.-C., Singh, M., Yap, E.-H. & Lim, E. P. C. (1977). Studies on the Malayan forest rat filaria, Breinlia booliati (Filarioidea: Onchocercidae): Relative susceptibility of various species of mosquitoes. Journal of Medical Entomology 13, 531–5.Google Scholar
Howells, R. E. & Chen, S. N. (1981). Brugia pahangi: Feeding and nutrient uptake in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Parasitology 51, 42–58.Google Scholar
Hu, S. M. K. (1939 a). Studies on the susceptibility of Shanghai mosquitoes to experimental infection with Wuchereria bancrofti Cobbold VII. Culex vorax Edwards. Peking Natural History Bulletin 13, 287–92.Google Scholar
Hu, S. M. K. (1939 b). Observations on the development of filarial larvae during the winter season in Shanghai region. American Journal of Hygiene 29, 67–74.Google Scholar
Iyengar, R. (1956). Development de Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) et de Wuchereria malayi (Brug). Annates de parasitologic humain et comparée 31, 99–138, 266–87Google Scholar
Kartman, L. (1953). Factors influencing infection of the mosquito with Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856). Experimental Parasitology 2, 27–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kartman, L. (1956). Notes on the encapsulation of Dirofilaria immitis in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. American Journal of Veterinary Research 17, 810–12.Google ScholarPubMed
Lavoipierre, M. M. J. (1958). Studies on the host-parasite relationships of filarial nematodes and their arthropod hosts. II. The arthropod as a host to the nematode: A brief appraisal of our present knowledge based on a study of the more important literature from 1878 to 1957. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 52, 326–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehane, M. J. (1978). The ultrastructural basis of abnormal development of Brugia pahangi in refractory Aedes aegypti. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 72, 285–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGreevy, P. B., McClelland, G. A. H. & Lavoipierre, M. M. J. (1974). Inheritance of susceptibility to Dirofilaria immitis infection in Aedes aegypti. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology 68, 97–109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nelson, G. S. (1964). Factors influencing the development and behaviour of filarial nematodes in their arthropodan hosts. In Host-Parasite Relationships in Invertebrate Hosts (ed. Taylor, A. E. R.), pp. 75–119. Second Symposium of the British Society for Parasitology, Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. O. jr. (1969). Arthropod immunity to worms. In Immunity to Parasitic Animals, vol. 1 (ed. Jackson, G., Herman, R. and Singer, I.), pp. 173–209. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. O. jr. (1974). Insect immunity to parasitic nematodes. In Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology: Invertebrate Immunology, vol. 4 (ed. Cooper, E. L.), pp. 167–78. New York and London: Plenum Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poinar, G. O. jr. & Leutenegger, R. (1971). Ultrastructural investigation of the melanization process in Culex pipiens (Culicidae) in response to a nematode. Journal of Ultrastructural Research 36, 149–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poinar, G. O. Jr.Leutenegger, R. & Götz, P. (1968). Ultrastructure of the formation of a melanotic capsule in Diabrotica (Coleoptera) in response to a parasitic nematode (Mermithidae). Journal of Ultrastructural Research 25, 293–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, R., Denham, D. A. & Nelson, G. S. (1974). Studies with Brugia pahangi. 5. Structure of the cuticle. Journal of Helminthology 48, 113–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salt, G. (1963). The defence reactions of insects to metazoan parasites. Parasitology 53, 527–642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schacher, J. F. & Khalil, G. M. (1968). Development of Foleyella philistinae Schacher &Khalil, 1967 (Nematoda: Filarioidea) in Culex pipiens molestus with notes on pathology in the arthropod. Journal of Parasitology 54, 869–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shapiro, M. (1969). Immunity of insect hosts to insect parasites. In Immunity to Parasitic Animals, vol. 1 (ed. Jackson, G., Herman, R. and Singer, I.), pp. 211–18. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts.Google Scholar
Yen, C. H. (1938). Studies on Dirofilaria immitis Leidy, with special reference to the susceptibility of some Minnesota species of mosquitoes to the infection. Journal of Parasitology 24, 189–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar