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Location of active transmission sites of Schistosoma japonicum in lake and marshland regions in China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 May 2009

Z. J. ZHANG ,
T. E. CARPENTER ,
H. S. LYNN ,
Y. CHEN ,
R. BIVAND ,
A. B. CLARK ,
F. M. HUI ,
W. X. PENG ,
Y. B. ZHOU  and
G. M. ZHAO
...Show all authors
Z. J. ZHANG*
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China
T. E. CARPENTER
Affiliation:
Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance (CADMS), Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
H. S. LYNN
Affiliation:
Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
Y. CHEN
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
R. BIVAND
Affiliation:
Department of Economics, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, Helleveien 3, N-5045 Bergen, Norway
A. B. CLARK
Affiliation:
School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
F. M. HUI
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
W. X. PENG
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China
Y. B. ZHOU
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China
G. M. ZHAO
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China
Q. W. JIANG
Affiliation:
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, China
*
*Corresponding author: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, No. 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China. Tel:/Fax: +86 21 54237410. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Schistosomiasis control in China has, in general, been very successful during the past several decades. However, the rebounding of the epidemic situation in some areas in recent years raises concerns about a sustainable control strategy of which locating active transmission sites (ATS) is a necessary first step. This study presents a systematic approach for locating schistosomiasis ATS by combining the approaches of identifying high risk regions for schisotosmiasis and extracting snail habitats. Environmental, topographical, and human behavioural factors were included in the model. Four significant high-risk regions were detected and 6 ATS were located. We used the normalized difference water index (NDWI) combined with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to extract snail habitats, and the pointwise ‘P-value surface’ approach to test statistical significance of predicted disease risk. We found complicated non-linear relationships between predictors and schistosomiasis risk, which might result in serious biases if data were not properly treated. We also found that the associations were related to spatial scales, indicating that a well-designed series of studies were needed to relate the disease risk with predictors across various study scales. Our approach provides a useful tool, especially in the field of vector-borne or environment-related diseases.

Keywords

Schistosoma japonicumOncomelania hupensisspatial epidemiologyremote sensinggeographical information systemChina
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 136 , Issue 7 , June 2009 , pp. 737 - 746
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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