Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:45:44.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Introduction to immune cell signalling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2005

H. S. GOODRIDGE  and
M. M. HARNETT
H. S. GOODRIDGE
Affiliation:
Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G11 6NT, UK
M. M. HARNETT
Affiliation:
Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G11 6NT, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The dynamic interaction of cells of the immune system with other cells, antigens and secreted factors determines the nature of an immune response. The response of individual cells is governed by the sequence of intracellular signalling events triggered following the association of cell surface molecules during cell-cell contact or the detection of soluble molecules of host or pathogen origin. In this review we will first outline the general principles of intracellular signal transduction. We will then describe the signalling pathways triggered following the recognition of antigen, as well as the detection of cytokines, and discuss how the signalling pathways activated regulate the effector response.

Keywords

signal transductionBCR signallingcytokine receptor signallingTLR signalling
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 130 , Issue S1 , March 2005 , pp. S3 - S9
Copyright
© 2005 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

ADAMS, C. L., GRIERSON, A. M., MOWAT, A. M., HARNETT, M. M. & GARSIDE, P. ( 2004). Differences in the kinetics, amplitude, and localization of ERK activation in energy and priming revealed at the level of individual primary T cells by laser scanning cytometry. Journal of Immunology 173, 1579–1586.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
AGNELLO, D., LANKFORD, C. S., BREAM, J., MORINOBU, A., GADINA, M., O'SHEA, J. J. & FRUCHT, D. M. ( 2003). Cytokines and transcription factors that regulate T helper cell differentiation: new players and new insights. Journal of Clinical Immunology 23, 147–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BERRIDGE, M. ( 2004). Conformational coupling: a physiological calcium entry mechanism. Sci STKE 2004, pe33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BERRIDGE, M. J., BOOTMAN, M. D. & RODERICK, H. L. ( 2003). Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling. Nature Reviews Molecular and Cell Biology 4, 517–529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BROMANN, P. A., KORKAYA, H. & COURTNEIDGE, S. A. ( 2004). The interplay between Src family kinases and receptor tyrosine kinases. Oncogene 23, 7957–7968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CANNONS, J. L. & SCHWARTZBERG, P. L. ( 2004). Fine-tuning lymphocyte regulation: what's new with tyrosine kinases and phosphatases? Current Opinion in Immunology 16, 296–303.Google Scholar
CANTRELL, D. A. ( 2001). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathways. Journal of Cell Science 114, 1439–1445.Google Scholar
CANTRELL, D. ( 2002). Protein kinase B (Akt) regulation and function in T lymphocytes. Seminars in Immunology 14, 19–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CANTRELL, D. A. ( 2003 a). GTPases and T cell activation. Immunology Reviews 192, 122–130.Google Scholar
CANTRELL, D. A. ( 2003 b). Regulation and function of serine kinase networks in lymphocytes. Current Opinion in Immunology 15, 294–298.Google Scholar
CLEVENGER, C. V. ( 2004). Roles and regulation of stat family transcription factors in human breast cancer. American Journal of Pathology 165, 1449–1460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
COFFER, P. J. & BURGERING, B. M. ( 2004). Forkhead-box transcription factors and their role in the immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology 4, 889–899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DAL PORTO, J. M., GAULD, S. B., MERRELL, K. T., MILLS, D., PUGH-BERNARD, A. E. & CAMBIER, J. ( 2004). B cell antigen receptor signaling 101. Molecular Immunology 41, 599–613.Google Scholar
EGGERT, M., KLUTER, A., ZETTL, U. K. & NEECK, G. ( 2004). Transcription factors in autoimmune diseases. Current Pharmaceutical Design 10, 2787–2796.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FITZGERALD, K. A., McWHIRTER, S. M., FAIA, K. L., ROWE, D. C., LATZ, E., GOLENBOCK, D. T., COYLE, A. J., LIAO, S. M. & MANIATIS, T. ( 2003). IKKepsilon and TBK1 are essential components of the IRF3 signaling pathway. Nature Immunology 4, 491–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FRUMAN, D. A. ( 2004 a). Phosphoinositide 3-kinase and its targets in B-cell and T-cell signaling. Current Opinion in Immunology 16, 314–320.Google Scholar
FRUMAN, D. A. ( 2004 b). Towards an understanding of isoform specificity in phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in lymphocytes. Biochemical Society Transactions 32, 315–319.Google Scholar
GAMBACORTI-PASSERINI, C. ( 2004). Oncogenic tyrosine kinases. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 61, 2895–2896.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GAULD, S. B. & CAMBIER, J. C. ( 2004). Src-family kinases in B-cell development and signaling. Oncogene 23, 8001–8006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GUO, B., SU, T. T. & RAWLINGS, D. J. ( 2004). Protein kinase C family functions in B-cell activation. Current Opinion in Immunology 16, 367–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HAO, S., KUROSAKI, T. & AUGUST, A. ( 2003). Differential regulation of NFAT and SRF by the B cell receptor via a PLCgamma-Ca(2+)-dependent pathway. EMBO Journal 22, 4166–4177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HARNETT, M. M. ( 1999 a). Cell growth, Differentiation & Cancer. In Medical Biochemistry ( Eds, Baynes, J. and Dominiczak, M. H.) Mosby, London.
HARNETT, M. M. ( 1999 b) Membrane Receptors and Signal Transduction. In Medical Biochemistry ( Eds, Baynes, J. and Dominiczak, M. H.) Mosby, London.
HARNETT, M. M., KATZ, E. & FORD, C. A. ( 2005). Differential signalling during B cell maturation. Immunology Letters, 98, 33–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HEMMI, H., TAKEUCHI, O., SATO, S., YAMAMOTO, M., KAISHO, T., SANJO, H., KAWAI, T., HOSHINO, K., TAKEDA, K. & AKIRA, S. ( 2004). The roles of two IkappaB kinase-related kinases in lipopolysaccharide and double stranded RNA signaling and viral infection. Journal of Experimental Medicine 199, 1641–1650.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HO, I. C. & GLIMCHER, L. H. ( 2002). Transcription: tantalizing times for T cells. Cell 109 (Suppl.) S109–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOFMANN, S. R., ETTINGER, R., ZHOU, Y. J., GADINA, M., LIPSKY, P., SIEGEL, R., CANDOTTI, F. & O'SHEA, J. J. ( 2002). Cytokines and their role in lymphoid development, differentiation and homeostasis. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2, 495–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOUSLAY, M. D. ( 1998). Adaptation in cyclic AMP signalling processes: a central role for cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology 9, 161–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOUSLAY, M. D. & ADAMS, D. R. ( 2003). PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterases: modular enzymes that orchestrate signalling cross-talk, desensitization and compartmentalization. Biochemical Journal 370, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOUSLAY, M. D. & BAILLIE, G. S. ( 2003). The role of ERK2 docking and phosphorylation of PDE4 cAMP phosphodiesterase isoforms in mediating cross-talk between the cAMP and ERK signalling pathways. Biochemical Society Transactions 31, 1186–1190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IRVINE, R. ( 2004). Inositol lipids: to PHix or not to PHix? Current Biology 14, R308–310.Google Scholar
IRVINE, R. F. ( 2003 a) 20 years of Ins(1,4,5)P3, and 40 years before. Nature Reviews Molecular and Cell Biology 4, 586–590.Google Scholar
IRVINE, R. F. ( 2003 b) Nuclear lipid signalling. Nature Reviews Molecular and Cell Biology 4, 349–360.Google Scholar
KAWAI, T., TAKEUCHI, O., FUJITA, T., INOUE, J., MUHLRADT, P. F., SATO, S., HOSHINO, K. & AKIRA, S. ( 2001). Lipopolysaccharide stimulates the MyD88-independent pathway and results in activation of IFN-regulatory factor 3 and the expression of a subset of lipopolysaccharide-inducible genes. Journal of Immunology 167, 5887–5894.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
KUROSAKI, T. ( 2002). Regulation of B cell fates by BCR signaling components. Current Opinion in Immunology 14, 341–347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LEE, H. J., TAKEMOTO, N., KURATA, H., KAMOGAWA, Y., MIYATAKE, S., O'GARRA, A. & ARAI, N. ( 2000). GATA-3 induces T helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokine expression and chromatin remodeling in committed Th1 cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 192, 105–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LEONARD, W. J. & LIN, J. X. ( 2000). Cytokine receptor signaling pathways. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 105, 877–888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDERMOTT, M., WAKELAM, M. J. & MORRIS, A. J. ( 2004). Phospholipase D. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 82, 225–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGETTRICK, A. F. & O'NEILL, L. A. ( 2004). The expanding family of MyD88-like adaptors in Toll-like receptor signal transduction. Molecular Immunology 41, 577–582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MURPHY, K. M., OUYANG, W., FARRAR, J. D., YANG, J., RANGANATH, S., ASNAGLI, H., AFKARIAN, M. & MURPHY, T. L. ( 2000). Signaling and transcription in T helper development. Annual Reviews in Immunology 18, 451–494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MURPHY, K. M., OUYANG, W., RANGANATH, S. & MURPHY, T. L. ( 1999). Bi-stable transcriptional circuitry and GATA-3 auto-activation in Th2 commitment. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 64, 585–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MURPHY, K. M. & REINER, S. L. ( 2002). The lineage decisions of helper T cells. Nature Reviews Immunology 2, 933–944.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'SHEA, J. J. ( 2004). Targeting the Jak/STAT pathway for immunosuppression. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 63 (Suppl 2), ii67–ii71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'SHEA, J. J., HUSA, M., LI, D., HOFMANN, S. R., WATFORD, W., ROBERTS, J. L., BUCKLEY, R. H., CHANGELIAN, P. & CANDOTTI, F. ( 2004). Jak3 and the pathogenesis of severe combined immunodeficiency. Molecular Immunology 41, 727–737.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OUYANG, W., LOHNING, M., GAO, Z., ASSENMACHER, M., RANGANATH, S., RADBRUCH, A. & MURPHY, K. M. ( 2000). Stat6-independent GATA-3 autoactivation directs IL-4-independent Th2 development and commitment. Immunity 12, 27–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PIIPER, A. & ZEUZEM, S. ( 2004). Receptor tyrosine kinases are signaling intermediates of G protein-coupled receptors. Current Pharmaceutical Design 10, 3539–3545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
POWNER, D. J. & WAKELAM, M. J. ( 2002). The regulation of phospholipase D by inositol phospholipids and small GTPases. FEBS Letters 531, 62–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ROUX, P. P. & BLENIS, J. ( 2004). ERK and p38 MAPK-activated protein kinases: a family of protein kinases with diverse biological functions. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 68, 320–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RUBINFELD, H. & SEGER, R. ( 2004). The ERK cascade as a prototype of MAPK signaling pathways. Methods in Molecular Biology 250, 1–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SHARMA, S., TENOEVER, B. R., GRANDVAUX, N., ZHOU, G. P., LIN, R. & HISCOTT, J. ( 2003). Triggering the interferon antiviral response through an IKK-related pathway. Science 300, 1148–1151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SIMEONI, L., KLICHE, S., LINDQUIST, J. & SCHRAVEN, B. ( 2004). Adaptors and linkers in T and B cells. Current Opinion in Immunology 16, 304–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SMITH, E. & SIGVARDSSON, M. ( 2004). The roles of transcription factors in B lymphocyte commitment, development, and transformation. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 75, 973–981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SZABO, S. J., KIM, S. T., COSTA, G. L., ZHANG, X., FATHMAN, C. G. & GLIMCHER, L. H. ( 2000). A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment. Cell 100, 655–669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TAKEDA, K. & AKIRA, S. ( 2004). TLR signaling pathways. Seminars in Immunology 16, 3–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TAKEDA, K., KAISHO, T. & AKIRA, S. ( 2003). Toll-like receptors. Annual Reviews in Immunology 21, 335–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TOSHCHAKOV, V., JONES, B. W., PERERA, P. Y., THOMAS, K., CODY, M. J., ZHANG, S., WILLIAMS, B. R., MAJOR, J., HAMILTON, T. A., FENTON, M. J. & VOGEL, S. N. ( 2002). TLR4, but not TLR2, mediates IFN-beta-induced STAT1alpha/beta-dependent gene expression in macrophages. Nature Immunology 3, 392–398.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WAKELAM, M. J. & HARNETT, M. M. ( 1998). Phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) and D (EC 3.1.4.4) signalling in lymphocytes. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 57, 551–554.Google Scholar
ZHENG, W. & FLAVELL, R. A. ( 1997). The transcription factor GATA-3 is necessary and sufficient for Th2 cytokine gene expression in CD4 T cells. Cell 89, 587–596.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ZHOU, M. & OUYANG, W. ( 2003). The function role of GATA-3 in Th1 and Th2 differentiation. Immunology Research 28, 25–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar