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Immunological underpinnings of Ascaris infection, reinfection and co-infection and their associated co-morbidities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2021

Luisa Magalhães ,
Denise S. Nogueira ,
Pedro H. Gazzinelli-Guimarães ,
Fabricio M. S. Oliveira ,
Lucas Kraemer ,
Ana Clara Gazzinelli-Guimarães ,
Flaviane Vieira-Santos ,
Ricardo T. Fujiwara  and
Lilian L. Bueno Open the ORCID record for Lilian L. Bueno [Opens in a new window]
Luisa Magalhães
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Denise S. Nogueira
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Pedro H. Gazzinelli-Guimarães
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Fabricio M. S. Oliveira
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Lucas Kraemer
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Ana Clara Gazzinelli-Guimarães
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Flaviane Vieira-Santos
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Ricardo T. Fujiwara
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Lilian L. Bueno*
Affiliation:
Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Lilian L. Bueno, E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected]
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Abstract

Human ascariasis is the most common and prevalent neglected tropical disease and is estimated that ~819 million people are infected around the globe, accounting for 0.861 million years of disability-adjusted life years in 2017. Even with the existence of highly effective drugs, the constant presence of infective parasite eggs in the environment contribute to a high reinfection rate after treatment. Due to its high prevalence and broad geographic distribution Ascaris infection is associated with a variety of co-morbidities and co-infections. Here, we provide data from both experimental models and humans studies that illustrate how complex is the interaction of Ascaris with the host immune system, especially, in the context of reinfections, co-infections and associated co-morbidities.

Keywords

AllergyAscariscoinfectioncomorbiditiesfibrosis
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Special Issue 14: Lessons from studying roundworm and whipworm in the mouse - common themes and unique features , December 2021 , pp. 1764 - 1773
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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