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Immune activation and induction of memory: lessons learned from controlled human malaria infection with Plasmodium falciparum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 January 2016

ANJA SCHOLZEN  and
ROBERT W. SAUERWEIN
ANJA SCHOLZEN*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
ROBERT W. SAUERWEIN*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding authors. Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Route 268, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 24 3614306. Fax: +31 24 3614666. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
*Corresponding authors. Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud university medical center, Route 268, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 24 3614306. Fax: +31 24 3614666. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
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Summary

Controlled human malaria infections (CHMIs) are a powerful tool to assess the efficacy of drugs and/or vaccine candidates, but also to study anti-malarial immune responses at well-defined time points after infection. In this review, we discuss the insights that CHMI trials have provided into early immune activation and regulation during acute infection, and the capacity to induce and maintain immunological memory. Importantly, these studies show that a single infection is sufficient to induce long-lasting parasite-specific T- and B-cell memory responses, and suggest that blood-stage induced regulatory responses can limit inflammation both in ongoing and potentially future infections. As future perspective of investigation in CHMIs, we discuss the role of innate cell subsets, the interplay between innate and adaptive immune activation and the potential modulation of these responses after natural pre-exposure.

Keywords

MalariaPlasmodium falciparumcontrolled human infectionsporozoiteblood stageimmune memoryactivationregulationinnate immunityadaptive immune response
Type
Special Issue Review
Information
Parasitology , Volume 143 , Issue 2: Naturally Acquired Immunity to Malaria , February 2016 , pp. 224 - 235
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

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