Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T00:49:02.210Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Feeding behaviour of tsetse flies (Glossina pallidipes Austen) on Trypanosoma-infected oxen in Kenya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

M. Baylis  and
A. L. Mbwabi
M. Baylis
Affiliation:
Tsetse Research Laboratory, University of Bristol, Longford, Bristol BS18 7DU, UK
A. L. Mbwabi
Affiliation:
Kenya Trypanosomiasis Research Institute (KETRI), Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

An incomplete ring of electric nets was placed around oxen which were either uninfected, infected with Trypanosoma vivax, or infected with T. congolense. The numbers of fed and unfed Glossina pallidipes caught on the nets were used to estimate the attractiveness of the oxen to tsetse, and the feeding success of the tsetse on the oxen. Oxen infected with T. congolense attracted more G. pallidipes than the other groups of oxen. Taking into consideration daily variation in the abundance or activity of the flies, oxen infected with T. congolense were about 70% more attractive to G. pallidipes than were uninfected oxen or oxen infected with T. vivax. The latter two groups mostly attracted high numbers of G. pallidipes on days when the flies were especially abundant or active. The feeding success of G. pallidipes declined with increase in the rate at which oxen made anti-fly movements. Taking this movement rate into consideration, the feeding success of G. pallidipes on oxen infected with T. congolense was approximately 60% greater than on uninfected oxen or oxen infected with T. vivax. It is suggested that vasodilation induced by T. congolense may account for the difference in feeding success. The level of parasitaemia of T. congolense or T. vivax was not found to affect either the attractiveness of oxen or the feeding success on oxen. There was significant daily variation in the mean fat content of male G. pallidipes caught around the oxen but no effect of mean daily fat content on the proportion of males that fed. The mean haematin content of fed male G. pallidipes was positively correlated with the packed cell volume of the ox on which they fed.

Keywords

trypanosomiasistsetseTrypanosoma congolenseTrypanosoma vivaxGlossina pallidipesfeeding successvasodilation.
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 110 , Issue 3 , April 1995 , pp. 297 - 305
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baylis, M., Mbwabi, A. L. & Stevenson, P. (1994). The feeding success of tsetse flies, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera Glossinidae) on oxen treated with pyrethroid pour-ons at Galana Ranch, Kenya. Bulletin of Entomological Research (in the Press).Google Scholar
Baylis, M. & Nambiro, C. O. (1993 a). The effect of cattle infection by Trypanosoma congolense on the attraction, and feeding success, of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes. Parasitology 106, 357–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baylis, M. & Nambiro, C. O. (1993 b). The nutritional state of male tsetse flies, Glossina pallidipes, at the time of feeding. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 7, 316–22.Google Scholar
Baylis, M. & Nambiro, C. O. (1993 c). The responses of Glossina pallidipes and G. longipennis (Diptera: Glossinidae) to odour-baited traps and targets at Galana Ranch, south-eastern Kenya. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, 145–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Champagne, D. E. (1994). The role of salivary vasodilators in blood feeding and parasite transmission. Parasitology Today 10, 430–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, T. L. & Kingsolver, J. G. (1983). Feeding strategy and the mechanics of blood sucking in insects. Journal of Theoretical Biology 105, 661–72.Google Scholar
Day, J. F., Ebert, K. M. & Edman, J. D. (1983). Feeding patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) simultaneously exposed to malarious and healthy mice, including a method for separating blood meals from conspecific hosts. Journal of Medical Entomology 20, 120–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Day, J. F. & Edman, J. D. (1983). Malaria renders mice susceptible to mosquito feeding when gametocytes are most infective. Journal of Parasitology 69, 163–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dethier, V. G. (1954). Notes on the biting responses of tsetse flies. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 3, 160.Google Scholar
Hall, D. R., Beevor, P. S., Cork, A., Nesbitt, B. F. & Vale, G. A. (1984). 1-octen-3-ol. A potent olfactory stimulant and attractant for tsetse isolated from cattle odours. Insect Science and its Application 5, 335–9.Google Scholar
Hargrove, J. W. & Langley, P. A. (1990). Sterilizing tsetse (Diptera, Glossinidae) in the field–a successful trial. Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 397–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langley, P. A., Hargrove, J. W. & Wall, R. L. (1990). Maturation of the tsetse fly Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) in relation to trap-oriented behaviour. Physiological Entomology 15, 179–86.Google Scholar
Law, J. H., Ribeiro, J. M. C. & Wells, M. A. (1992). Biochemical insights derived from diversity in insects. Annual Review of Biochemistry 61, 87–111.Google Scholar
Losos, G. J. (1986). Infectious Tropical Diseases of Domestic Animals. Canada: Longman Scientific and Technical.Google Scholar
Mahon, R. & Gibbs, A. (1982). Arbovirus-infected hens attract more mosquitoes. In Viral Diseases in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific (ed. Mackenzie, J. S.), PP. 502–5. Sydney: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Mant, M. J. & Parker, K. R. (1981). Two platelet aggregation inhibitors in tsetse (Glossina) saliva with studies of roles of thrombin and citrate in in vitro platelet aggregation. British Journal of Haematology 48, 601–8.Google Scholar
Mwambu, P. M. & Losos, G. J. (1978). Ultrastructural changes in blood vessels of tissues of cattle experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax: a preliminary report. In Pathogenicity of Trypanosomes (ed. Losos, G. & Chouinard, A.), pp. 184–5. Publication no IDRC-132e of the International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada.Google Scholar
Packer, M. J. & Brady, J. (1990). Efficiency of electric nets as sampling devices for tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 80, 43–7.Google Scholar
Parker, K. R. & Mant, M. J. (1979). Effects of tsetse (Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw.) (Diptera: Glossinidae) salivary gland homogenate on coagulation and fibrinolysis. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 42, 743–51.Google ScholarPubMed
Randolph, S. E. & Rogers, D. J. (1978). Feeding cycles and flight activity in field populations of tsetse (Diptera: Glossinidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 68, 655–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribeiro, J. M. C. (1987). Role of saliva in blood-feeding by arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 32, 463–78.Google Scholar
Rogers, D. J. & Randolph, S. E. (1984). A review of density-dependent processes in tsetse populations. Insect Science and its Application 5, 397–402.Google Scholar
Rossignol, P. A., Ribeiro, J. M. C., Jungery, M., Turell, M. J., Spielman, A. & Bailey, C. L. (1985). Enhanced mosquito blood-finding success on parasitemic hosts: Evidence for vector-parasite mutualism. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 82, 7725–7.Google Scholar
Rossignol, P. A. & Shieh, J. N. (1993). Feeding success of vectors on infected hosts. Parasitology Today 9, 442–3.Google Scholar
Shieh, J. N. & Rossignol, P. A. (1992). Opposite influences of host anaemia on blood feeding rate and fecundity of mosquitoes. Parasitology 105, 159–63.Google Scholar
Sokal, R. R. & Rohlf, F. J. (1981). Biometry, 2nd Edn. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company.Google Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. (1978). Ecological Methods, 2nd Edn. London: Chapman & Hall.Google Scholar
Turell, M. J., Bailey, C. L. & Rossi, C. A. (1985). Increased mosquito feeding on Rift Valley Fever virus-infected lambs. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 33, 1232–8.Google Scholar
Vale, G. A. (1974). New field methods for studying the responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to hosts. Bulletin of Entomological Research 64, 199–208.Google Scholar
Vale, G. A. (1977). Feeding responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to stationary hosts. Bulletin of Entomological Research 67, 635–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vale, G. A. (1980). Field studies of the responses of tsetse flies (Glossinidae) and other Diptera to carbon dioxide, acetone and other chemicals. Bulletin of Entomological Research 70, 563–70.Google Scholar
Vale, G. A. (1981). An effect of host diet on the attraction of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to host odour. Bulletin of Entomological Research 71, 259–65.Google Scholar
Vale, G. A., Hall, D. R. & Gough, A. J. E. (1988). The olfactory responses of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) to phenols and urine in the field. Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 293–300.Google Scholar
Zar, J. H. (1984). Biostatistical Analysis, 2nd Edn. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall International.Google Scholar