Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T15:51:16.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Epidemiological and molecular evidence supports the zoonotic transmission of Giardia among humans and dogs living in the same community

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2004

R. J. TRAUB ,
P. T. MONIS ,
I. ROBERTSON ,
P. IRWIN ,
N. MENCKE  and
R. C. A. THOMPSON
R. J. TRAUB
Affiliation:
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections and the Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150
P. T. MONIS
Affiliation:
Australian Water Quality Centre, Bolivar SA 5110, Australia
I. ROBERTSON
Affiliation:
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections and the Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150
P. IRWIN
Affiliation:
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections and the Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150
N. MENCKE
Affiliation:
Bayer AG, BG-Animal Health, D-51368 Leverkusen, Germany
R. C. A. THOMPSON
Affiliation:
World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Molecular Epidemiology of Parasitic Infections and the Western Australian Biomedical Research Institute, School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Giardia duodenalis isolates recovered from humans and dogs living in the same locality in a remote tea-growing community of northeast India were characterized at 3 different loci; the SSU-rDNA, elongation factor 1-alpha (ef1-α) and triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU-rDNA and ef1-α genes provided poor genetic resolution of the isolates within various assemblages, stressing the importance of using multiple loci when inferring genotypes to Giardia. Analysis of the tpi gene provided better genetic resolution and placed canine Giardia isolates within the genetic groupings of human isolates (Assemblages A and B). Further evidence for zoonotic transmission was supported by epidemiological data showing a highly significant association between the prevalence of Giardia in humans and presence of a Giardia-positive dog in the same household (odds ratio 3·01, 95% CI, 1·11, 8·39, P=0·0000).

Keywords

GiardiadogszoonosesIndia
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 128 , Issue 3 , March 2004 , pp. 253 - 262
Copyright
2004 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

AMAR, C. F., DEAR, P. H., PEDRAZA-DIAZ, S., LOOKER, N., LINNANE, E. & McLAUCHLIN, J. (2002). Sensitive PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay for detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in human faeces. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40, 446–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ANDERSON, T. J. C. (2001). The dangers of using single locus markers in parasite epidemiology: Ascaris as a case study. Trends in Parasitology 17, 183–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ANDREWS, R. H., ADAMS, M., BOREHAM, P. F., MAYRHOFER, G. & MELONI, B. P. (1989). Giardia intestinalis: electrophoretic evidence for a species complex. International Journal for Parasitology 19, 183–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ASHFORD, R. W. & SNOWDEN, K. S. (2001). Dogs and protozoan zoonoses. In Dogs, Zoonoses and Public Health (ed. Macpherson, C. N. L., Meslin, F. X. & Wandeler, A. I. ), pp. 127–128. CABI Publishing, New York.
BARUCH, A. C., ISAAC-RENTON, J. & ADAM, R. D. (1996). The molecular epidemiology of Giardia lamblia: a sequence-based approach. Journal of Infectious Diseases 174, 233–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BUGG, R. J., ROBERTSON, I. D., ELLIOT, A. D. & THOMPSON, R. C. (1999). Gastrointestinal parasites of urban dogs in Perth, Western Australia. Veterinary Journal 157, 295–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CARRANZA, S. G., RIBERA, C., BAGUNA, J. & RIUTORT, M. (1996). Evidence that two types of 18S rDNA coexist in the genome of Dugesia (Schmidtea) mediterranea (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida). Molecular Biology and Evolution 13, 824–832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DIXON, M. T. & HILLIS, D. M. (1993). Ribosomal RNA secondary structure: compensatory mutations and implications for phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10, 256–267.Google Scholar
EY, P. L., MANSOURI, M., KULDA, J., NOHYNKOVA, E., MONIS, P. T., ANDREWS, R. H. & MAYRHOFER, G. (1997). Genetic analysis of Giardia from hoofed farm animals reveals artiodactyl-specific and potentially zoonotic genotypes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 44, 626–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAUST, E. C., D'ANTONIO, J. S., ODOM, V., MILLER, M. J., PERES, C., SAWITZ, W., THOMEN, L. F., TOBIE, J. & WALKER, J. H. (1938). A critical study of clinical laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs in feces. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 18, 169–183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FRANKENA, K. & GRAAT, E. A. M. (1997). Multivariate analysis: logistic regression. In Application of Quantitative Methods in Veterinary Epidemiology (ed. Noordhuizen, J. P. T. M., Frankena, K., Van Der Hoofd, C. M. & Graat, E. A. M. ), pp. 137–178. Wageningen Pers, Wageningen.
GRACZYK, T. K., BOSCO-NIZEYI, J., SSEBIDE, B., THOMPSON, R. C. A., READ, C. & CRANFIELD, M. (2002). Anthropozoonotic Giardia duodenalis Genotype (Assemblage A) infections in habitats of free-ranging human-habituated gorillas, Uganda. Journal of Parasitology 88, 905–909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HILLIS, D. M. & DIXON, M. T. (1991). Ribosomal DNA: molecular evolution and phylogenetic inference. The Quarterly Review of Biology 66, 411–453.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOMAN, W. L., VAN ENCKEVORT, F. H., LIMPER, L., VAN EYS, G. J., SCHOONE, G. J., KASPRZAK, W., MAJEWSKA, A. C. & VAN KNAPEN, F. (1992). Comparison of Giardia isolates from different laboratories by isoenzyme analysis and recombinant DNA probes. Parasitology Research 78, 316–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOPKINS, R. M., MELONI, B. P., GROTH, D. M., WETHERALL, J. D., REYNOLDSON, J. A. & THOMPSON, R. C. (1997). Ribosomal RNA sequencing reveals differences between the genotypes of Giardia isolates recovered from humans and dogs living in the same locality. Journal of Parasitology 83, 44–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOPKINS, R. M., CONSTANTINE, C. C., GROTH, D. A., WETHERALL, J. D., REYNOLDSON, J. A. & THOMPSON, R. C. (1999). PCR-based DNA fingerprinting of Giardia duodenalis isolates using the intergenic rDNA spacer. Parasitology 118, 531–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
HOSMER, D. W. & LEMESHOW, S. (1989). Applied Logistic Regression, John Wiley, New York.
ITOH, N., MURAOKA, N., AOKI, M. & ITAGAKI, T. (2001). Prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection in household dogs. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 75, 671–677.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
JACOBS, S. R., FORRESTER, C. P. & YANG, J. (2001). A survey of the prevalence of Giardia in dogs presented to Canadian veterinary practices. Canadian Veterinary Journal 42, 45–46.Google Scholar
KUMAR, S., TAMURA, K., JAKOBSEN, I. B. & NEI, M. (2001). MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.CrossRef
LINDSAY, D. S., DUBEY, J. P., BUTLER, J. M. & BLAGBURN, B. L. (1997). Mechanical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by dogs. Veterinary Parasitology 73, 27–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MAYRHOFER, G., ANDREWS, R. H., EY, P. L. & CHILTON, N. B. (1995). Division of Giardia isolates from humans into two genetically distinct assemblages by electrophoretic analysis of enzymes encoded at 27 loci and comparison with Giardia muris. Parasitology 111, 11–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGLADE, T. R., ROBERTSON, I. D., ELLIOT, A. D. & THOMPSON, R. C. (2003). High prevalence of Giardia detected in cats by PCR. Veterinary Parasitology 110, 197–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MELONI, B. P. & THOMPSON, R. C. (1987). Comparative studies on the axenic in vitro cultivation of Giardia of human and canine origin: evidence for intraspecific variation. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 81, 637–640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MONIS, P. T., ANDREWS, R. H., MAYRHOFER, G. & EY, P. L. (1999). Molecular systematics of the parasitic protozoan Giardia intestinalis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16, 1135–1144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MONIS, P. T., MAYRHOFER, G., ANDREWS, R. H., HOMAN, W. L., LIMPER, L. & EY, P. L. (1996). Molecular genetic analysis of Giardia intestinalis isolates at the glutamate dehydrogenase locus. Parasitology 112, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MONIS, P. T., ANDREWS, R. H., MAYRHOFER, G., MACKRILL, J., KULDA, J., ISAAC-RENTON, J. L. & EY, P. L. (1998). Novel lineages of Giardia intestinalis identified by genetic analysis of organisms isolated from dogs in Australia. Parasitology 116, 7–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MORGAN, U. M., PALLANT, L., DWYER, B. W., FORBES, D. A., RICH, G. & THOMPSON, R. C. (1998). Comparison of PCR and microscopy for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in human faecal specimens: clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, 995–998.Google Scholar
NASH, T. E. & MOWATT, M. R. (1992). Identification and characterization of a Giardia lamblia group-specific gene. Experimental Parasitology 75, 369–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NOLLER, H. F. (1984). Structure of ribosomal RNA. Annual Review of Biochemistry 53, 119–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'HANDLEY, R. M., OLSON, M. E., FRASER, D., ADAMS, P. & THOMPSON, R. C. (2000). Prevalence and genotypic characterisation of Giardia in dairy calves from Western Australia and Western Canada. Veterinary Parasitology 90, 193–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
OLIVEIRA-SEQUEIRA, T. C., AMARANTE, A. F., FERRARI, T. B. & NUNES, L. C. (2002). Prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs from Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology 103, 19–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PONCE-MACOTELA, M., MARTINEZ-GORDILLO, M. N., BERMUDEZ-CRUZ, R. M., SALAZAR-SCHETTINO, P. M., ORTEGA-PIERRES, G. & EY, P. L. (2002). Unusual prevalence of the Giardia intestinalis A-II subtype amongst isolates from humans and domestic animals in Mexico. International Journal for Parasitology 32, 1201–1202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
QARI, S. H., GOLDMAN, I. F., PIENIAZEK, N. J., COLLINS, W. E. & LAL, A. A. (1994). Blood and sporozoite stage-specific small subunit ribosomal RNA-encoding genes of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax. Gene 150, 43–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
READ, C., WALTERS, J., ROBERTSON, I. D. & THOMPSON, R. C. A. (2002). Correlation between genotype of Giardia duodenalis and diarrhoea. International Journal for Parasitology 32, 229–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
STRANDEN, A. M., ECKERT, J. & KOHLER, P. (1990). Electrophoretic characterization of Giardia isolated from humans, cattle, sheep, and a dog in Switzerland. Journal of Parasitology 76, 660–668.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
THOMPSON, J. D., HIGGINS, D. G. & GIBSON, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific group penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 4673–4680.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
THOMPSON, R. C. (2000). Giardiasis as a re-emerging infectious disease and its zoonotic potential. International Journal for Parasitology 30, 1259–1267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
THOMPSON, S. C. (1994). Giardia lamblia in children and the child care setting: a review of the literature. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 30, 202–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TRAUB, R. J., ROBERTSON, I. D., IRWIN, P., MENCKE, N. & THOMPSON, R. C. (2002). The role of dogs in transmission of gastrointestinal parasites in a remote tea-growing community in northeastern India. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 67, 539–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
world health organization (1996). The World Health Report 1996. Fighting Disease, Fostering Development. WHO, Geneva.
YONG, T. S., PARK, S. J., HWANG, U. W., YANG, H. W., LEE, K. W., MIN, D. Y., RIM, H. J., WANG, Y. & ZHENG, F. (2000). Genotyping of Giardia lamblia isolates from humans in China and Korea using ribosomal DNA sequences. Journal of Parasitology 86, 887–891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar