Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T16:13:08.224Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ecology and effects of metazoan parasites of fish in transitional waters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2022

Luisa Giari Open the ORCID record for Luisa Giari [Opens in a new window] ,
Giuseppe Castaldelli Open the ORCID record for Giuseppe Castaldelli [Opens in a new window]  and
Juan Tomás Timi Open the ORCID record for Juan Tomás Timi [Opens in a new window]
Luisa Giari*
Affiliation:
Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, St. L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Giuseppe Castaldelli
Affiliation:
Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, St. L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Juan Tomás Timi
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Ictioparasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
*
Author for correspondence: Luisa Giari, E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Given the abundance, heterogeneity and ubiquity of parasitic organisms, understanding how they influence biodiversity, evolution, health and ecosystem functionality is crucial, especially currently when anthropogenic pressures are altering host–parasite balances. This review describes the features, roles and impacts of metazoan parasites of fish occurring in transitional waters (TW). These aquatic ecosystems are highly productive and widespread around the globe and represent most favourable theatres for parasitism given the availability of hosts (invertebrates, fishes and birds) and an increased probability of parasite transmission, especially of those having complex life cycles. Fascinating examples of how parasitism can influence different hierarchical levels of biological systems, from host individuals and populations to entire aquatic communities, through effects on food webs come from this kind of ecosystem. Edible fish of commercial value found in TW can harbour some parasite species, significantly reducing host health, marketability and food safety, with possible economic and public health consequences. Many TW are historically exploited by humans as sources of relevant ecosystem services, including fisheries and aquaculture, and they are highly vulnerable ecosystems. Alteration of TW can be revealed through the study of parasite communities, contributing, as bioindicators, for assessing environmental changes, health and restoration. Fish parasites can provide much information about TW, but this potential appears to be not fully exploited. More studies are necessary to quantify the ecological, economic and medical impacts fish parasites can have on these important ecosystems.

Keywords

Bioindicatorsbrackish watersestuarieslagoonsmetazoan parasiteszoonoses
Type
Review Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 149 , Special Issue 14: Fish Parasitology , December 2022 , pp. 1829 - 1841
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abolofia, J, Asche, F and Wilen, JE (2017) The cost of lice: quantifying the impacts of parasitic sea lice on farmed salmon. Marine Resource Economics 32, 3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aguirre-Macedo, ML and Kennedy, CR (1999) Diversity of metazoan parasites of the introduced oyster species Crassostrea gigas in the Exe estuary. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, 57–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aguirre-Macedo, ML, Vidal-Martínez, VM and Lafferty, KD (2011) Trematode communities in snails can indicate impact and recovery from hurricanes in a tropical coastal lagoon. International Journal for Parasitology 41, 1403–1408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aladetohun, NF, Sakiti, NG and Babatunde, EE (2013) Copepoda parasites in economically important fish, Mugilidae (Mugil cephalus and Liza falcipinnis from Lac Nokoue lagoon in Republic of Benin, West Africa. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 7, 8.Google Scholar
Alarcos, AJ and Etchegoin, JA (2010) Parasite assemblages of estuarine-dependent marine fishes from Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). Parasitology Research 107, 1083–1091.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alfieri, JM and Anderson, TK (2019) Life-cycle mediated effects of urbanization on parasite communities in the estuarine fish, Fundulus heteroclitus. PLoS One 14, e0225896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alvarez-Guerrero, C and Alba-Hurtado, F (2007) Estuarine fish and turtles as intermediate and paratenic hosts of Gnathostoma binucleatum in Nayarit, México. Parasitology Research 102, 117–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ángeles-Hernández, JC, Gómez-de Anda, FR, Reyes-Rodríguez, NE, Vega-Sánchez, V, García-Reyna, PB, Campos-Montiel, RG, Calderón-Apodaca, NL, Salgado-Miranda, C and Zepeda-Velázquez, AP (2020) Genera and species of the Anisakidae family and their geographical distribution. Animals 10, 2374.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Arienzo, M, Bolinesi, F, Aiello, G, Barra, D, Donadio, C, Stanislao, C, Ferrara, L, Mangoni, O, Toscanesi, M, Giara, A and Trifuoggi, M (2020) The environmental assessment of an estuarine transitional environment, southern Italy. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, 628.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Attia, MM, Elgendy, M, Abdelsalam, M, Hassan, A, Prince, A, Salaeh, NMK and Younis, NA (2021) Morpho-molecular identification of Heterophyes heterophyes encysted metacercariae and its immunological and histopathological effects on farmed Mugil cephalus in Egypt. Aquaculture International 29, 1393–1407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Audicana, MT, Ansotegui, IJ, Fernandez de Corres, L and Kennedy, MW (2002) Anisakis simplex: dangerous – dead and alive? Trends in Parasitology 18, 20–25.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bamber, RN and Henderson, PA (1988) Pre-adaptive plasticity in atherinids and the estuarine seat of teleost evolution. Journal of Fish Biology 33, 17–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bao, M, Pierce, GJ, Strachan, NJC, Martínez, C, Fernández, R and Theodossiou, I (2018) Consumers’ attitudes and willingness to pay for Anisakis-free fish in Spain. Fisheries Research 202, 149–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bao, M, Pierce, GJ, Strachan, NJC, Pascual, S, González-Muñoz, M and Levsen, A (2019) Human health, legislative and socioeconomic issues caused by the fish-borne zoonotic parasite Anisakis: challenges in risk assessment. Trends in Food Science & Technology 86, 298–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, I, Hoare, D and Krause, J (2000) Effects of parasites on fish behaviour: a review and evolutionary perspective. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 10, 131–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartoli, P and Boudouresque, CF (2007) Effect of the digenean parasites of fish on the fauna of Mediterranean lagoons. Parassitologia 49, 111–117.Google ScholarPubMed
Basset, A, Sabetta, L, Fonnesu, A, Mouillot, D, Do Chi, T, Viaroli, P, Giordani, G, Reizopoulou, S, Abbiati, M and Carrada, GC (2006) Typology in Mediterranean transitional waters: new challenges and perspectives. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16, 441–455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkhout, BW, Lloyd, MM, Poulin, R and Studer, A (2014) Variation among genotypes in responses to increasing temperature in a marine parasite: evolutionary potential in the face of global warming? International Journal for Parasitology 44, 1019–1027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binning, SA, Shaw, AK and Roche, DG (2017) Parasites and host performance: incorporating infection into our understanding of animal movement. Integrative and Comparative Biology 57, 267–280.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blakeslee, AM, Keogh, CL, Fowler, AE and Griffen, BD (2015) Assessing the effects of trematode infection on invasive green crabs in eastern North America. PLoS One 10, e0128674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanar, CA, Munkittrick, KR, Houlahan, J, MacLatchy, DL and Marcogliese, DJ (2009) Pollution and parasitism in aquatic animals: a meta-analysis of effect size. Aquatic Toxicology 93, 18–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blanar, CA, Marcogliese, DJ and Couillard, CM (2011) Natural and anthropogenic factors shape metazoan parasite community structure in mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus) from two estuaries in New Brunswick, Canada. Folia Parasitologica 58, 240–2488.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braicovich, PE, Ieno, EN, Sáez, M, Despos, J and Timi, JT (2016) Assessing the role of host traits as drivers of the abundance of long-lived parasites in fish stock assessment studies. Journal of Fish Biology 89, 2419–2433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Britton, JR (2013) Introduced parasites in food webs: new species, shifting structures? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 28, 93–99.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broeg, K, Zander, S, Diamant, A, Körting, W, Krüner, G, Paperna, I and Westernhagen, HV (1999) The use of fish metabolic, pathological and parasitological indices in pollution monitoring. Helgoland Marine Research 53, 171–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broglia, A and Kapel, C (2011) Changing dietary habits in a changing world: emerging drivers for the transmission of foodborne parasitic zoonoses. Veterinary Parasitology 182, 2–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brooks, DR and Hoberg, EP (2007) How will global climate change affect parasite–host assemblages? Trends in Parasitology 23, 571–574.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buchmann, K and Mehrdana, F (2016) Effects of anisakid nematodes Anisakis simplex (s.l.), Pseudoterranova decipiens (s.l.) and Contracaecum osculatum (s.l.) on fish and consumer health. Food and Waterborne Parasitology 4, 13–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byers, JE (2020) Effects of climate change on parasites and disease in estuarine and nearshore environments. PLoS Biology 18, e3000743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Byers, JE and Goldwasser, L (2001) Exposing the mechanism and timing of impact of nonindigenous species on native species. Ecology 82, 1330–1343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantatore, DMP and Timi, JT (2015) Marine parasites as biological tags in South American Atlantic waters, current status and perspectives. Parasitology 142, 5–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlson, CJ, Burgio, KR, Dougherty, ER, Phillips, AJ, Bueno, VM, Clements, CF, Castaldo, G, Dallas, TA, Cizauskas, CA, Cumming, GS, Doña, J, Harris, NC, Jovani, R, Mironov, S, Muellerklein, OC, Proctor, HC and Getz, WM (2017) Parasite biodiversity faces extinction and redistribution in a changing climate. Science Advances 3, e1602422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cataudella, S, Crosetti, D and Massa, F (eds) (2015) Mediterranean Coastal Lagoons: Sustainable Management and Interactions among Aquaculture, Capture Fisheries and the Environment Studies and Reviews. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. No. 95. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Cavaleiro, FI and Santos, MJ (2009) Seasonality of metazoan ectoparasites in marine European flounder Platichthys flesus (Teleostei: Pleuronectidae). Parasitology 136, 855–865.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chai, JY (2014) Heterophyes heterophyes. In Motarjemi, Y, Moy, GG and Todd, CD (eds), Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Vol. 2. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York, Oxford, Paris, San Diego, San Francisco, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo: Academic Press, pp. 158–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chai, JY and Jung, BK (2017) Fishborne zoonotic heterophyid infections: an update. Food and Waterborne Parasitology 8–9, 33–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chalkowski, K, Lepczyk, CA and Zohdy, S (2018) Parasite ecology of invasive species: conceptual framework and new hypotheses. Trends in Parasitology 34, 655–663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chapman, JW, Dumbauld, BR, Itani, G and Markham, JC (2012) An introduced Asian parasite threatens northeastern Pacific estuarine ecosystems. Biological Invasions 14, 1221–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clavero, M and Garcia-Berthou, E (2005) Invasive species are a leading cause of animal extinctions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 20, 110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cognetti, G and Maltagliati, F (2000) Biodiversity and adaptive mechanisms in brackish water fauna. Marine Pollution Bulletin 40, 7–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, AN and Carlton, JT (1998) Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science (New York, N.Y.) 279, 555–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combes, C (2001) Parasitism: The Ecology and Evolution of Intimate Interactions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Cone, DK (1995) Monogenea (Phylum Platyhelminthes). In Woo, PTK (ed.), Fish Diseases and Disorders, Vol. 1, Protozoan and Metazoan Infections. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, pp. 289–327.Google Scholar
Costa, JL, Marques, JF, Alves, J, Gamito, R, Fonseca, VF, Goncalves, CI, Cabral, HN and Costa, MJ (2012) Is parasitism in fish a good metric to assess ecological water quality in transitional waters? What can be learned from two estuarine resident species? Ecological Indicators 19, 154–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cross, JH (1992) Intestinal capillariasis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 5, 120–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cross, JH and Basaca-Sevilla, V (1991) Capillariasis philippinensis: a fish-borne parasitic zoonosis. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 22(suppl), 153–157.Google ScholarPubMed
Crotti, M (2013) Digenetic trematodes: an existence as parasites. Brief general overview. Microbiologia Medica 28, 97–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Culurgioni, J, Figus, V, Cabiddu, S, De Murtas, R, Cau, A and Sabatini, A (2015) Larval helminth parasites of fishes and shellfishes from Santa Gilla lagoon (Sardinia, Western Mediterranean), and their use as bioecological indicators. Estuaries and Coasts 38, 1505–1519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunha, KN, Domingues, MV, Cunha, LDS and Nunes, ZMP (2021) Parasitic monogenoideans of Sciades herzbergii as bioindicators of environmental quality in Amazonian estuarines ecosystems. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology 30, e024220.Google ScholarPubMed
Curio, E (1988) Behavior and parasitism. In Mehlhorn, H (ed.), Parasitology in Focus. New York: Springer-Verlag, pp. 149–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dezfuli, BS, Giari, L, Castaldelli, G, Lanzoni, M, Rossi, R, Lorenzoni, M and Kennedy, CR (2014) Temporal and spatial changes in the composition and structure of helminth component communities in European eels Anguilla anguilla in an Adriatic coastal lagoon and some freshwaters in Italy. Parasitology Research 113, 113–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Díaz Camacho, SP, de la Cruz-Otero, M, Zazueta-Ramos, ML, Bojórquez-Contreras, A, Sicairos-Félix, J, Campista-León, S, Guzmán-Loreto, R, Delgado-Vargas, F, León-Règagnon, V and Nawa, Y (2008) Identification of estuarine fish Dormitator latifrons as an intermediate host and Eleotris picta as a paratenic host for Gnathostoma binucleatum in Sinaloa, Mexico. Parasitology Research 103, 1421–1425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Douglas, EJ, Lohrer, AM and Pilditch, CA (2019) Biodiversity breakpoints along stress gradients in estuaries and associated shifts in ecosystem interactions. Scientific Reports 9, 17567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dunne, JA, Lafferty, KD, Dobson, AP, Hechinger, RF, Kuris, AM, Martínez, ND, McLaughlinm, JP, Muritsen, KN, Poulin, R, Reises, K, Stouffer, DB, Thieltges, DW, Williams, RJ and Zander, CD (2013) Parasites affect food web structure primarily through increased diversity and complexity. PLoS Biology 11, e1001579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
EFSA (2010) Scientific opinion of the panel on biological hazards on risk assessment of parasites in fishery products. EFSA Journal 8, 91.Google Scholar
Elliott, M and McLusky, DS (2002) The need for definitions in understanding estuaries. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 55, 815–827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elliott, M and Quintino, V (2007) The estuarine quality paradox, environmental homeostasis and the difficulty of detecting anthropogenic stress in naturally stressed areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 54, 640–645.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Esch, GW and Fernández, JC (1993) A Functional Biology of Parasitism, 1st Edn. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Communities (2000) Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities 43, 1–72.Google Scholar
Fajer-Ávila, EJ, García-Vásquez, A, Plascencia-González, H, Ríos-Sicairos, J, Parra, LM and Betancourt-Lozano, M (2006) Copepods and larvae of nematodes parasitizing the white mullet Mugil curema (Valenciennes, 1836): indicators of anthropogenic impacts in tropical coastal lagoons? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 122, 221–237.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falkenberg, JM, Golzio, JESA, Pessanha, A, Patrício, J, Vendel, AL and Lacerda, ACF (2019) Gill parasites of fish and their relation to host and environmental factors in two estuaries in northeastern Brazil. Aquatic Ecology 53, 109–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernández Sánchez, JL, Le Breton, A, Brun, E, Vendramin, N, Spiliopoulos, G, Furones, D and Basurco, B (2022) Assessing the economic impact of diseases in Mediterranean grow-out farms culturing European sea bass. Aquaculture 547, 737530.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frainer, A, McKie, BG, Amundsen, PA, Knudsen, R and Lafferty, KD (2018) Parasitism and the biodiversity–functioning relationship. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 33, 260–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Froese, R and Pauly, D (2004) FishBase, World Wide Web electronic publication, version (12/2004). Available at www.fishbase.org.Google Scholar
Gendron, AD and Marcogliese, DJ (2017) Enigmatic decline of a common fish parasite (Diplostomum spp.) in the St. Lawrence river: evidence for a dilution effect induced by the invasive round goby. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 6, 402–411.Google Scholar
Giari, L, Ruehle, B, Fano, EA, Castaldelli, G and Poulin, R (2020) Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 12, 67–75.Google ScholarPubMed
Giari, L, Castaldelli, G, Gavioli, A, Lanzoni, M and Fano, EA (2021) Long-term ecological analysis of Anguillicola crassus occurrence and impact on the European eel population in a Mediterranean lagoon (North Italy). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 249, 107117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goedknegt, MA, Feis, ME, Wegner, KM, Luttikhuizen, PC, Buschbaum, C, Camphuysen, KC, van der Meer, J and Thieltges, DW (2016) Parasites and marine invasions: ecological and evolutionary perspectives. Journal of Sea Research 113, 11–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
González-Castro, M, Rosso, JJ, Delpiani, SM, Mabragaña, E and Diaz de Astarloa, JM (2019) Inferring boundaries among fish species of the new world silversides (Atherinopsidae; genus Odontesthes): new evidences of incipient speciation between marine and brackish populations of Odontesthes argentinensis. Genetica 147, 217–229.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harrison, IJ (1995) Mugilidae. Lisas. In Fischer, W, Krupp, F, Schneider, W, Sommer, C, Carpenter, KE and Niem, V (eds), Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. Rome: FAO, pp. 1293–1298.Google Scholar
Harvell, CD, Mitchell, CE, Ward, JR, Altizer, S, Dobson, AP, Ostfeld, RS and Samuel, MD (2002) Climate warming and disease risks for terrestrial and marine biota. Science (New York, N.Y.) 296, 2158–2162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hatcher, MJ, Dick, JTA and Dunn, AM (2012) Diverse effects of parasites in ecosystems: linking interdependent processes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 10, 186–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hechinger, RF and Lafferty, KD (2005) Host diversity begets parasite diversity: bird final hosts and trematodes in snail intermediate hosts. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 272, 1059–1066.Google ScholarPubMed
Hechinger, RF, Lafferty, KD, Dobson, AP, Brown, JH and Kuris, AM (2011) A common scaling rule for abundance, energetics, and production of parasitic and free-living species. Science (New York, N.Y.) 333, 445–448.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hudson, P (2005) Introduction – Parasites, diversity, and the ecosystem. In Thomas, F, Renaud, F and Guegan, J-F (eds), Parasitisms & Ecosystems. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–12.Google Scholar
Hudson, PJ, Dobson, AP and Newborn, P (1998) Prevention of population cycles by parasite removal. Science (New York, N.Y.) 282, 2256–2258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hudson, PJ, Dobson, AP and Lafferty, KD (2006) Is a healthy ecosystem one that is rich in parasites? Trends in Ecology & Evolution 21, 381–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huspeni, TC, Hechinger, RF and Lafferty, KD (2005) Trematode parasites as estuarine indicators: opportunities, applications and comparisons with conventional community approaches. In Bortone, S (ed.), Estuarine Indicators. Boca Raton: CRC, pp. 297–314.Google Scholar
IPCC (2021) Summary for policymakers. In Masson-Delmotte, V, Zhai, P, Pirani, A, Connors, SL, Péan, C, Berger, S, Caud, N, Chen, Y, Goldfarb, L, Gomis, MI, Huang, M, Leitzell, K, Lonnoy, E, Matthews, JBR, Maycock, TK, Waterfield, T, Yelekçi, O, Yu, R and Zhou, B (eds), Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, pp. 3–32. Available at doi: 10.1017/9781009157896.001.Google Scholar
Irigoitia, MM, Incorvaia, IS and Timi, JT (2017) Evaluating the usefulness of natural tags for host population structure in chondrichthyans: parasite assemblages of Sympterygia bonapartii (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae) in the Southwestern Atlantic. Fisheries Research 195, 80–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeremiah, CJ, Harangozo, CS and Fuller, AJ (2011) Gnathostomiasis in remote northern Western Australia: the first confirmed cases acquired in Australia. Medical Journal of Australia 195, 42–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Johnson, PT, Dobson, A, Lafferty, KD, Marcogliese, DJ, Memmott, J, Orlofske, SA, Poulin, R and Thieltges, DW (2010) When parasites become prey: ecological and epidemiological significance of eating parasites. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25, 362–371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaplan, AT, Rebhal, S, Lafferty, KD and Kuris, AM (2009) Small estuarine fishes feed on large trematode cercariae: lab and field investigations. Journal of Parasitology 95, 477–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, DW, Paterson, RA, Townsend, CR, Poulin, R and Tompkins, DM (2009 a) Parasite spillback: a neglected concept in invasion ecology? Ecology 90, 2047–2056.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, DW, Paterson, RA, Townsend, CR, Poulin, R and Tompkins, DM (2009 b) Has the introduction of brown trout altered disease patterns in native New Zealand fish? Freshwater Biology 54, 1805–1818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennedy, CR (2007) The pathogenic helminth parasites of eels. Journal of Fish Diseases 30, 319–334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kesting, V and Zander, CD (2000) Alteration of the metazoan parasite faunas in the brackish Schlei fjord (Northern Germany, Baltic Sea). International Review of Hydrobiology 85, 325–340.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kesting, V, Gollasch, S and Zander, CD (1996) Parasite communities of the Schlei fjord (Baltic coast of northern Germany). Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 50, 477–496.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinne, O (1984) Diseases of Marine Animals. Hamburg, Germany: Biologische Anstalt Helgoland.Google Scholar
Kirk, RS (2003) The impact of Anguillicola crassus on European eels. Fisheries Management and Ecology 10, 385–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krause, J and Godin, JGJ (1994) Influence of parasitism on the shoaling behaviour of banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, 1775–1177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuchta, R, Radačovská, A, Bazsalovicsová, E, Viozzi, G, Semenas, L, Arbetman, M and Scholz, T (2019) Host switching of zoonotic broad fish tapeworm (Dibothriocephalus latus) to salmonids, Patagonia. Emerging Infectious Diseases 25, 2156.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuris, AM, Hechinger, RF, Shaw, JC, Whitney, KL, Aguirre-Macedo, L, Boch, CA, Dobson, AP, Dunham, EJ, Fredensborg, BL, Huspeni, TC, Lorda, J, Mababa, L, Mancini, FT, Mora, B, Pickering, M, Talhouk, NL, Torchin, ME and Lafferty, KD (2008) Ecosystem energetic implications of parasite and free-living biomass in three estuaries. Nature 454, 515–518.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lafferty, KD (1997) Environmental parasitology: what can parasites tell us about human impacts on the environment? Parasitology Today 13, 251–255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lafferty, KD (2008) Ecosystem consequences of fish parasites. Journal of Fish Biology 73, 2083–2093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lafferty, KD and Kuris, AM (2009) Parasites reduce food web robustness because they are sensitive to secondary extinction as illustrated by an invasive estuarine snail. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 364, 1659–1663.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lafferty, KD and Morris, AK (1996) Altered behavior of parasitized killifish increases susceptibility to predation by bird final hosts. Ecology 77, 1390–1397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lafferty, KD, Porter, JW and Ford, SE (2004) Are diseases increasing in the ocean? Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 35, 31–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lafferty, KD, Dobson, AP and Kuris, AM (2006 a) Parasites dominate food web links. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, 11211–11216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lafferty, KD, Hechinger, RF, Shaw, JC, Whitney, KL and Kuris, AM (2006 b) Food webs and parasites in a salt marsh ecosystem. In Collinge, S and Ray, C (eds), Disease Ecology: Community Structure and Pathogen Dynamics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 119–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lafferty, KD, Allesina, S, Arim, M, Briggs, CJ, De Leo, G, Dobson, AP, Dunne, JA, Johnson, PTJ, Kuris, AM, Marcogliese, DJ, Martinez, ND, Memmott, J, Marquet, PA, McLaughlin, JP, Mordecai, EA, Pascual, M, Poulin, R and Thieltges, DW (2008) Parasites in food webs: the ultimate missing links. Ecology Letters 11, 533–546.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lafferty, KD, Harvell, CD, Conrad, JM, Friedman, CS, Kent, ML, Kuris, AM, Powell, EN, Rondeau, D and Saksida, SM (2015) Infectious diseases affect marine fisheries and aquaculture economics. Annual Review of Marine Science 7, 471–496.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laffon-Leal, SM, Vidal-Martinez, VM and Arjona-Torres, G (2000) ‘Cebiche’ – a potential source of human anisakiasis in Mexico? Journal of Helminthology 74, 151–154.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Landsberg, JH, Blakesley, BA, Reese, RO, McRae, G and Forstchen, PR (1998) Parasites of fish as indicators of environmental stress. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 51, 211–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lanfranchi, AL, Braicovich, PE, Cantatore, DM, Alarcos, AJ, Luque, JL and Timi, JT (2016) Ecotonal marine regions–ecotonal parasite communities: helminth assemblages in the convergence of masses of water in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. International Journal for Parasitology 46, 809–818.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lefebvre, F and Crivelli, AJ (2004) Anguillicolosis: dynamics of the infection over two decades. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 62, 227–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lefebvre, F and Crivelli, AJ (2012) Salinity effects on anguillicolosis in Atlantic eels: a natural tool for disease control. Marine Ecology Progress Series 471, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leonardos, I and Trilles, JP (2003) Host–parasite relationships: occurrence and effect of the parasitic isopod Mothocya epimerica on sand smelt Atherina boyeri in the Mesolongi and Etolikon lagoons (W. Greece). Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 54, 243–251.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levsen, A and Lunestad, BT (2010) Anisakis simplex third stage larvae in Norwegian spring spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.), with emphasis on larval distribution in the flesh. Veterinary Parasitology 171, 247–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Levy, E, Rossin, MA, Braicovich, PE and Timi, JT (2020) Profilicollis chasmagnathi (Acanthocephala) parasitizing freshwater fishes: paratenicity and an exception to the phylogenetic conservatism of the genus? Parasitology Research 119, 3957–3966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levy, E, Canel, D, Rossin, MA, González-Castro, M and Timi, JT (2021) Parasite assemblages as indicators of an incipient speciation process of Odontesthes argentinensis in an estuarine environment. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 250, 107168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llarena-Reino, M, González, ÁF, Vello, C, Outeiriño, L and Pascual, S (2012) The accuracy of visual inspection for preventing risk of Anisakis spp. infection in unprocessed fish. Food Control 23, 54–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lowe, ML, Morrison, MA and Taylor, RB (2015) Harmful effects of sediment-induced turbidity on juvenile fish in estuaries. Marine Ecology Progress Series 539, 241–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maceda-Veiga, A, Mac Nally, R, Green, AJ, Poulin, R and de Sostoa, A (2019) Major determinants of the occurrence of a globally invasive parasite in riverine fish over large-scale environmental gradients. International Journal for Parasitology 49, 625–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Machut, LS and Limburg, KE (2008) Anguillicola crassus infection in Anguilla rostrata from small tributaries of the Hudson river watershed, New York, USA. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 79, 37–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Macnab, V and Barber, I (2012) Some (worms) like it hot: fish parasites grow faster in warmer water, and alter host thermal preferences. Global Change Biology 18, 1540–1548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacNeil, C, Dick, JT, Hatcher, MJ, Terry, RS, Smith, JE and Dunn, AM (2003) Parasite-mediated predation between native and invasive amphipods. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences 270, 1309–1314.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maillard, C (1976) Distomatoses de poissons en milieu lagunaire (PhD thesis). University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.Google Scholar
Marcogliese, DJ (2001) Implications of climate change for parasitism of animals in the aquatic environment. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, 1331–1352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcogliese, DJ (2004) Parasites: small players with crucial roles in the ecological theatre. EcoHealth 1, 151–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcogliese, DJ (2005) Parasites of the superorganism: are they indicators of ecosystem health? International Journal for Parasitology 35, 705–716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marcogliese, DJ (2008) The impact of climate change on the parasites and infectious diseases of aquatic animals. Revue scientifique et technique 27, 467–484.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marcogliese, DJ (2016) The distribution and abundance of parasites in aquatic ecosystems in a changing climate: more than just temperature. Integrative and Comparative Biology 56, 611–619.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcogliese, DJ and Cone, DK (1997) Parasite communities as indicators of ecosystem stress. Parassitologia 39, 227–232.Google ScholarPubMed
Martínez-Megías, C and Rico, A (2022) Biodiversity impacts by multiple anthropogenic stressors in Mediterranean coastal wetlands. Science of the Total Environment 818, 151712.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mattiucci, S and Nascetti, G (2008) Advances and trends in the molecular systematics of anisakid nematodes, with implications for their evolutionary ecology and host–parasite co-evolutionary processes. Advances in Parasitology 66, 47–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, J and Moore, T (2000) Emerging helminth zoonoses. International Journal for Parasitology 30, 1351–1360.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClelland, G (2002) The trouble with sealworms (Pseudoterranova decipiens species complex, Nematoda): a review. Parasitology 124, S183–S203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLusky, DS and Elliott, M (2007) Transitional waters: a new approach, semantics or just muddying the waters? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 71, 359–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Médoc, V, Firmat, C, Sheath, DJ, Pegg, J, Andreou, D and Britton, JR (2017) Parasites and biological invasions: predicting ecological alterations at levels from individual hosts to whole networks. Advances in Ecological Research 57, 1–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehrdana, F, Bahlool, QZ, Skov, J, Marana, MH, Sindberg, D, Mundeling, M, Overgaard, BC, Korbut, R, Strøm, SB, Kania, PW and Buchmann, K (2014) Occurrence of zoonotic nematodes Pseudoterranova decipiens, Contracaecum osculatum and Anisakis simplex in cod (Gadus morhua) from the Baltic Sea. Veterinary Parasitology 205, 581–587.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meli, P, Rey Benayas, JM, Balvanera, P and Martínez Ramos, M (2014) Restoration enhances wetland biodiversity and ecosystem service supply, but results are context-dependent: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 9, e93507.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mentz, MB, Lanner, M, Fagundes, N, Sauter, IP and Marques, LS (2016) Ectoparasites on Mugil liza (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) from the Tramandai-Armazém lagoon system, Southern Brazil. Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences 11, 130–134.Google Scholar
Mercado, R, Torres, P, Munoz, V and Apt, W (2001) Human infection by Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda Anisakidae) in Chile: report of seven cases. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 96, 653–655.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Molnar, K, Szekely, C and Baska, F (1991) Mass mortality of eel in lake Balaton due to Anguillicola crassus infection. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists 11, 211–212.Google Scholar
Morales-Serna, FN, Rodríguez-Santiago, MA, Gelabert, R and Flores-Morales, LM (2019) Parasites of fish Poecilia velifera and their potential as bioindicators of wetland restoration progress. Helgoland Marine Research 73, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morozińska-Gogol, J (2009) Alien species of fish parasites in the coastal lakes and lagoons of the southern Baltic. Oceanologia 51, 105–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mouritsen, KN and Poulin, R (2002) Parasitism, community structure and biodiversity in intertidal ecosystems. Parasitology 124, S101–S117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nachev, M and Sures, B (2016) Environmental parasitology: parasites as accumulation bioindicators in the marine environment. Journal of Sea Research 113, 45–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nawa, Y (1991) Historical review and current status of gnathostomiasis in Asia. The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health 22(suppl), 217–219.Google ScholarPubMed
Newton, A, Icely, J, Cristina, S, Brito, A, Cardoso, AC, Colijn, F, Riva, SD, Gertz, F, Hansen, JW, Holmer, M, Ivanova, K, Leppäkoski, E, Canu, DM, Mocenni, C, Mudge, S, Murray, N, Pejrup, M, Razinkovas, A, Reizopoulou, S, Pérez-Ruzafa, A, Schernewski, G, Schubert, H, Carr, L, Solidoro, C, Viaroli, P and Zaldívar, JM (2014) An overview of ecological status, vulnerability and future perspectives of European large shallow, semi-enclosed coastal systems, lagoons and transitional waters. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 140, 95–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, A, Brito, AC, Icely, JD, Derolez, V, Inês, C, Angus, S, Schernewski, G, Inácio, M, Lillebø, AI, Sousa, AI, Béjaoui, B, Solidoro, C, Tosic, M, Cañedo-Argüelles, M, Yamamuro, M, Reizopoulou, S, Tseng, H-C, Canu, D, Roselli, L, Maanan, M, Cristina, S, Ruiz-Fernández, AC, de Lima, RF, Kjerfve, B, Rubio-Cisneros, N, Pérez-Ruzafa, A, Marcos, C, Pastres, R, Pranovi, F, Snoussi, M, Turpie, J, Tuchkovenko, Y, Dyack, B, Brookes, J, Povilanskas, R and Khokhlov, V (2018) Assessing, quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services of coastal lagoons. Journal for Nature Conservation 44, 50–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickol, BB, Crompton, DWT and Searle, DW (1999) Reintroduction of Profilicollis Meyer, 1931, as a genus in Acanthocephala: significance of the intermediate host. Journal of Parasitology 85, 716–718.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nickol, BB, Heard, RW and Smith, NF (2002) Acanthocephalans from crabs in the southeastern US, with the first intermediate hosts known for Arhythmorhynchus frassoni and Hexaglandula corynosoma. Journal of Parasitology 88, 79–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Odum, EP (1959) Fundamentals of Ecology, 2nd Edn. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders.Google Scholar
Ogata, K, Nawa, Y, Akahane, H, Diaz Camacho, SP, Lamothe-Argumedo, R and Cruz-Reyes, A (1998) Short report: gnathostomiasis in Mexico. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 58, 316–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O'Shaughnessy, KA, Harding, JM and Burge, EJ (2014) Ecological effects of the invasive parasite Loxothylacus panopaei on the flatback mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus with implications for estuarine communities. Bulletin of Marine Science 90, 611–621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Overstreet, RM (2007) Effects of a hurricane on fish parasites. Parassitologia 49, 161–198.Google ScholarPubMed
Overstreet, RM and Howse, HD (1977) Some parasites and diseases of estuarine fishes in polluted habitats of Mississippi. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 298, 427–462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palm, HW and Rückert, S (2009) A new approach to visualize ecosystem health by using parasites. Parasitology Research 105, 539–553.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palstra, AP, Heppener, DFM, van Ginneken, VJT, Szekely, C and van den Thillart, GEEJM (2007) Swimming performance of silver eels is severely impaired by the swim-bladder parasite Anguillicola crassus. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 352, 244–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paperna, I, Colorni, A, Gordin, H and Kissil, GW (1977) Diseases of Sparus aurata in marine culture at Elat. Aquaculture 10, 195–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paredes-Trujillo, A, Velázquez-Abunader, I, Papiol, V, Rodolfo, E and Vidal-Martínez, VM (2021) Negative effect of ectoparasite burdens on the condition factor from farmed tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in the Yucatan, Mexico. Veterinary Parasitology 292, 109393.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Paull, SH, LaFonte, BE and Johnson, PT (2012) Temperature-driven shifts in a host-parasite interaction drive nonlinear changes in disease risk. Global Change Biology 18, 3558–3567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pech, D, Vidal-Martínez, VM, Aguirre-Macedo, ML, Gold-Bouchot, G, Herrera-Silveira, J, Zapata-Pérez, O and Marcogliese, DJ (2009) The checkered puffer (Spheroides testudineus) and its helminths as bioindicators of chemical pollution in Yucatan coastal lagoons. Science of the Total Environment 407, 2315–2324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peterman, MA and Posadas, BC (2019) Direct economic impact of fish diseases on the east Mississippi catfish industry. North American Journal of Aquaculture 81, 222–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poulin, R (2006) Global warming and temperature-mediated increases in cercarial emergence in trematode parasites. Parasitology 132, 143–151.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulin, R (2011) The many roads to parasitism: a tale of convergence. Advances in Parasitology 74, 1–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Poulin, R (2017) Invasion ecology meets parasitology: advances and challenges. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 6, 361–363.Google ScholarPubMed
Prenter, J, MacNeil, C, Dick, JT and Dunn, AM (2004) Roles of parasites in animal invasions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19, 385–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Preston, DL, Mischler, JA, Townsend, AR and Johnson, PT (2016) Disease ecology meets ecosystem science. Ecosystems 19, 737–748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Radwan, M (2022) Vital economic threat of predatory birds and parasites to cultivated fishes in Egypt. Aquaculture 548, 737666.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rahmati, AR, Kiani, B, Afshari, A, Moghaddas, E, Williams, M and Shamsi, S (2020) World-wide prevalence of Anisakis larvae in fish and its relationship to human allergic anisakiasis: a systematic review. Parasitology Research 119, 3585–3594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rashnavadi, M, Lymbery, AJ, Beatty, SJ and Morgan, DL (2014) Ecological response of an estuarine atherinid to secondary salinisation in south-western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 97, 343–353.Google Scholar
Ray, GC (2005) Connectivities of estuarine fishes to the coastal realm. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 64, 18–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rojas-Sánchez, A, Lamothe-Argumedo, MR and García-Prieto, L (2014) Parasitosis transmitidas por el consumo de peces en México. Ciencia 65, 83–87.Google Scholar
Rolbiecki, J and Rokicki, J (2002) III-stage Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) (Nematoda; Anisakidae) larvae in herring caught in autumn from the Polish part of the Vistula Lagoon. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum 1, 105–110.Google Scholar
Rosenqvist, G and Johansson, K (1995) Male avoidance of parasitized females explained by direct benefits in a pipefish. Animal Behaviour 49, 1039–1045.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz, GM, Carlton, JT, Grosholz, ED and Hines, AH (1997) Global invasions of marine and estuarine habitats by non-indigenous species: mechanisms, extent, and consequences. American Zoologist 37, 621–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sayyaf Dezfuli, B, Maestri, C, Lorenzoni, M, Carosi, A, Maynard, BJ and Bosi, G (2021) The impact of Anguillicoloides crassus (Nematoda) on European eel swimbladder: histopathology and relationship between neuroendocrine and immune cells. Parasitology 148, 612–622.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schultz, ET and McCormick, SD (2012) Euryhalinity in an evolutionary context. Fish Physiology 32, 477–533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seebens, H, Blackburn, TM, Dyer, EE, Genovesi, P, Hulme, PE, Jeschke, JM, Pagad, S, Pyšec, P, Winter, M, Arianoustou, M, Bacher, S, Blasius, B, Brundu, G, Capinha, C, Celesti-Grapow, L, Dawson, W, Dullinger, S, Fuentes, N, Jäger, H, Kartesz, J, Kenis, M, Kreft, H, Kühn, I, Lenzner, B, Liebhold, A, Mosena, A, Moser, D, Nishino, M, Pearman, D, Pergl, J, Rabitsch, W, Rojas-Sandoval, J, Roques, A, Rorke, S, Rossinelli, S, Roy, HE, Scalera, R, Schindler, S, Štajerová, K, Tokarska-Guzik, B, van Kleunen, M, Walker, K, Weigelt, P, Yamanaka, T and Essl, F (2017) No saturation in the accumulation of alien species worldwide. Nature Communications 8, 14435.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shamsi, S (2019) Seafood-borne parasitic diseases: a ‘one-health’ approach is needed. Fishes 4, 9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shamsi, S, Steller, E and Zhu, X (2021) The occurrence and clinical importance of infectious stage of Echinocephalus (Nematoda: Gnathostomidae) larvae in selected Australian edible fish. Parasitology International 83, 102333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shinn, AP, Pratoomyot, J, Bron, JE, Paladini, G, Brooker, EE and Brooker, AJ (2015) Economic costs of protistan and metazoan parasites to global mariculture. Parasitology 142, 196–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snigirov, S, Kvach, Y, Goncharov, O, Sizo, R and Sylantyev, S (2019) Hydrology and parasites: what divides the fish community of the lower Dniester and Dniester estuary into three? Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 217, 120–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sosa-Medina, T, Vidal-Martinez, VM and Aguirre-Macedo, ML (2015) Metazoan parasites of fishes from the Celestun coastal lagoon, Yucatan, Mexico. Zootaxa 4007, 529–544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sproston, NG and Hartley, PHT (1941) The ecology of some parasitic copepods of gadoids and other fishes. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 25, 361–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stumbo, AD and Poulin, R (2016) Possible mechanism of host manipulation resulting from a diel behaviour pattern of eye-dwelling parasites? Parasitology 143, 1261–1267.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sures, B and Nachev, M (2015) Environmental parasitology. In Mehlhorn, H (ed.), Encyclopedia of Parasitology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, pp. 1–4. Available at doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_1076-2.Google Scholar
Sures, B, Nachev, M, Selbach, C and Marcogliese, DJ (2017) Parasite responses to pollution: what we know and where we go in ‘environmental parasitology’. Parasites & Vectors 10, 1–19.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Syvitski, JPM, Vörösmarty, CJ, Kettner, AJ and Green, P (2005) Impact of humans on the flux of terrestrial sediment to the global coastal ocean. Science (New York, N.Y.) 308, 376–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tandon, V, Shylla, JA, Ghatani, S, Athokpam, VD and Sahu, R (2015) Neglected tropical diseases: trematodiases – the Indian scenario. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences 85, 901–907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taraschewski, H (1984) Heterophyiasis, an intestinal fluke infection of man and vertebrates transmitted by euryhaline gastropods and fish. Helgolander Meeresunters 37, 463–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavares-Dias, M and Martins, ML (2017) An overall estimation of losses caused by diseases in the Brazilian fish farms. Journal of Parasitic Diseases 41, 913–918.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thieltges, DW, Amundsen, P-A, Hechinger, RF, Johnson, PTJ, Lafferty, KD, Mouritsen, KN, Preston, DL, Reise, K, Zander, CD and Poulin, R (2013) Parasites as prey in aquatic food webs: implications for predator infection and parasite transmission. Oikos 122, 1473–1482.Google Scholar
Thomas, F, Cezilly, F, De Meeüs, T, Crivelli, A and Renaud, F (1997) Parasitism and ecology of wetlands: a review. Estuaries 20, 646–654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, F, Poulin, R, de Meeüs, T, Guégan, J-F and Renaud, F (1999) Parasites and ecosystem engineering: what roles could they play? Oikos 84, 167–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timi, JT (2007) Parasites as biological tags for stock discrimination in marine fish from South American Atlantic waters. Journal of Helminthology 81, 107–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timi, JT and Poulin, R (2020) Why ignoring parasites in fish ecology is a mistake. International Journal for Parasitology 50, 755–761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Timi, JT, Luque, JL and Poulin, R (2010) Host ontogeny and the temporal decay of similarity in parasite communities of marine fish. International Journal for Parasitology 40, 963–968.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Timi, JT, Rossin, MA, Alarcos, AJ, Braicovich, PE, Cantatore, DMP and Lanfranchi, AL (2011) Fish trophic level and the similarity of larval parasite assemblages. International Journal for Parasitology 41, 309–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Torchin, ME, Lafferty, KD and Kuris, AM (2002) Parasites and marine invasions. Parasitology 124, 137–151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torchin, ME, Lafferty, KD, Dobson, AP, McKenzie, VJ and Kuris, AM (2003) Introduced species and their missing parasites. Nature 421, 628–630.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Troost, K (2010) Causes and effects of a highly successful marine invasion: case-study of the introduced Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas in continental NW European estuaries. Journal of Sea Research 64, 145–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vagianou, S, Athanassopoulou, F, Ragias, V, Di Cave, D, Leontides, L and Golomazou, E (2006) Prevalence and pathology of ectoparasites of Mediterranean sea bream and sea bass reared under different environmental and aquaculture conditions. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture – Bamidgeh 58, 78–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valtonen, ET, Pulkkinen, K, Poulin, R and Julkunen, M (2001) The structure of parasite component communities in brackish water fishes of the northeastern Baltic Sea. Parasitology 122, 471–481.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Velloso, AL and Pereira, J (2010) Influence of ectoparasitism on the welfare of Micropogonias furnieri. Aquaculture 310, 43–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waikagul, J and Diaz Chamacho, SP (2007) Gnathostomiasis. In Darwin, KD (ed.), Food-Borne Parasitic Zoonoses, Fish and Plant-Borne Parasites, World Class Parasites. Berlin: Springer, p. 235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wasson, K, Zabin, CJ, Bedinger, L, Diaz, MC and Pearse, JS (2001) Biological invasions of estuaries without international shipping: the importance of intraregional transport. Biological Conservation 102, 143–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinstein, SB and Kuris, AM (2016) Independent origins of parasitism in Animalia. Biology Letters 12, 20160324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitfield, AK (1996) A review of factors influencing fish utilization of South African estuaries. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 51, 115–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Widmann, M (2013) Impact of large-scale environmental features changes on host–parasite interaction in marine and freshwater ecosystems. BioSciences Master Reviews 1, 1–9.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, J, Wierzbicki, K, Piasecki, W and Smietana, P (2005) A comparative study on the parasite fauna of perch, Perca fluviatilis L., collected from a freshwater coastal lake brackish-water Baltic Sea and the interconnecting canal. Wiadomości Parazytologiczne 51, 295–302.Google ScholarPubMed
Wonham, MJ and Carlton, JT (2005) Trends in marine biological invasions at local and regional scales: the Northeast Pacific Ocean as a model system. Biological Invasions 7, 369–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, CL and Johnson, PT (2015) A world without parasites: exploring the hidden ecology of infection. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 13, 425–434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wood, CL, Lafferty, KD and Micheli, F (2010) Fishing out marine parasites? Impacts of fishing on rates of parasitism in the ocean. Ecology Letters 13, 761–775.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (2004) Report of Joint WHO/FAO Workshop on Food-Borne Trematode Infections in Asia, Ha Noi, Vietnam, 26–28 November, 2002. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health.Google Scholar
Yáñez-Arancibia, A, Domínguez, ALL and Pauly, D (1994) Chapter 12. Coastal lagoons as fish habitats. Elsevier Oceanography Series 60, 363–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zander, CD (1998) Ecology of host parasite relationships in the Baltic Sea. Naturwissenschaften 85, 426–436.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zander, CD, Kollra, HG, Antholz, B, Meyer, W and Westphal, D (1984) Small-sized euryhaline fish as intermediate hosts of the digenetic trematode Cryptocotyle concavum. Helgoländer Meeresuntersuchungen 37, 433–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Q, Bai, J, Huang, L, Gu, B, Lu, Q and Gao, Z (2016) A review of methodologies and success indicators for coastal wetland restoration. Ecological Indicators 60, 442–452.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Giari et al. supplementary material

Giari et al. supplementary material

Download Giari et al. supplementary material(File)
File 31.1 KB