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Early-life temperature modifies adult encapsulation response in an invasive ectoparasite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 June 2015

SIRPA KAUNISTO ,
LAURA HÄRKÖNEN ,
MARKUS J. RANTALA  and
RAINE KORTET
SIRPA KAUNISTO*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
LAURA HÄRKÖNEN
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
MARKUS J. RANTALA
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
RAINE KORTET
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
*
* Corresponding author. Department of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland. E-mail: [email protected]
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Summary

Immunity of parasites has been studied amazingly little, in spite of the fact that parasitic organisms, especially the arthropod parasites, need immunity to survive their own infections to successfully complete life cycles. Long-term effects of challenging environmental temperatures on immunity have remained unstudied in insects and parasites. Our study species, the deer ked (Lipoptena cervi; Linnaeus 1758), is an invasive, blood-feeding parasitic fly of cervids. Here, it was studied whether thermal stress during the pupal diapause stage could modify adult immunity (encapsulation capacity) in L. cervi. The effect of either a low temperature or high temperature peak, experienced during winter dormancy, on encapsulation response of active adult was tested. It was found that low temperature exposure during diapause, as long as the temperature is not too harsh, had a favourable effect on adult immunity. An abnormal, high temperature peak during pupal winter diapause significantly deteriorated the encapsulation capacity of emerged adults. The frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as high temperature fluctuations are likely to increase with climate change. Thus, the climate change might have previously unknown influence on host-ectoparasite interactions, by affecting ectoparasite's immune defence and survival.

Keywords

CervidaediapauseectoparasiteencapsulationHippoboscidaeimmunityinvasive speciesthermal stress
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 142 , Issue 10 , September 2015 , pp. 1290 - 1296
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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