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Division of Giardia isolates from humans into two genetically distinct assemblages by electrophoretic analysis of enzymes encoded at 27 loci and comparison with Giardia muris

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2009

G. Mayrhofer ,
R. H. Andrews ,
P. L. Ey  and
N. B. Chilton
G. Mayrhofer
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, ASouth Australia 5005, Australia
R. H. Andrews
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, ASouth Australia 5005, Australia
P. L. Ey
Affiliation:
The University of Melbourne, Veterinary Clinical Centre, Werribee, AVictoria 3030, Australia
N. B. Chilton
Affiliation:
The University of Melbourne, Veterinary Clinical Centre, Werribee, AVictoria 3030, Australia
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Summary

Giardia that infect humans are known to be heterogeneous but they are assigned currently to a single species, Giardia intestinalis (syn. G. lamblia). The genetic differences that exist within G. intestinalis have not yet been assessed quantitatively and neither have they been compared in magnitude with those that exist between G. intestinalis and species that are morphologically similar (G. duodenalis) or morphologically distinct (e.g. G. muris). In this study, 60 Australian isolates of G. intestinalis were analysed electrophoretically at 27 enzyme loci and compared with G. muris and a feline isolate of G. duodenalis. Isolates of G. intestinalis were distinct genetically from both G. muris (approximately 80% fixed allelic differences) and the feline G. duodenalis isolate (approximately 75% fixed allelic differences). The G. intestinalis isolates were extremely heterogeneous but they fell into 2 major genetic assemblages, separated by fixed allelic differences at approximately 60% of loci examined. The magnitude of the genetic differences between the G. intestinalis assemblages approached the level that distinguished the G. duodenalis isolate from the morphologically distinct G. muris. This raises important questions about the evolutionary relationships of the assemblages with Homo sapiens, the possibility of ancient or contemporary transmission from animal hosts to humans and the biogeographical origins of the two clusters.

Keywords

Giardia intestinalisGiardia duodenalisGiardia murisallozyme electrophoresissystematics.
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 111 , Issue 1 , July 1995 , pp. 11 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

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